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Cell & Molecular Biology > Unit 3: Membrane Transport and Functions > Flashcards

Unit 3: Membrane Transport and Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

This controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

This provides protection and support for the cell

A

Cell Membrane

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3
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A
  • lipid bilayer
  • hydrophilic phosphate head
  • hydrophobic fatty acid tail
  • proteins embedded in membrane
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4
Q

[…] and […] proposed in 1972 that the membrane is a mosaic of proteins dispersed within the bilayer, with only the hydrophilic regions exposed to water

A
  • S.J. Singer
  • G. Nicolson
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5
Q

The 6 membrane proteins

A
  • integral proteins
  • pumps
  • channel proteins
  • carrier proteins
  • enzyme proteins
  • receptor proteins
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6
Q

Membrane Protein

Make up 70% of cell membrane proteins, permanently embedded within the cell membrane

A

Integral Proteins

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7
Q

Membrane Protein

Transfer substances against concentration and electrical gradients using ATP

A

Pumps

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8
Q

Membrane Protein

Transfer substances down concentration and electrical gradients, opened and closed by “gates”

A

Channel Proteins

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9
Q

Membrane Protein

Involved in the transport of specific substances by changing shape when bound to certain substances

A

Carrier Proteins

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10
Q

Membrane Protein

Catalyze membrane reactions

A

Enzyme Proteins

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11
Q

Membrane Protein

Bear appropriate sites for recognition of specific ligands

A

Receptor Proteins

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12
Q

The 2 types of membrane proteins

A
  • peripheral proteins
  • integral proteins
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13
Q

Type of Membrane Protein

Bound to the surface of the membrane

A

Peripheral Proteins

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14
Q

Type of Membrane Protein

Penetrate the hydrophobic core

A

Integral Proteins

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15
Q

The 6 functions of cell membrane proteins

A
  • transport
  • enzymatic activity
  • signal transduction
  • cell-cell recognition
  • intercellular joining
  • attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
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16
Q

Cell recognize each other by […]

A

binding to surface molecules (often containing carbohydrates)

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17
Q

HIV binds to this receptor protein to infect a cell

A

CCR5

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18
Q

These proteins allow passage of hydrophilic substances across the cell membrane

A

Transport Proteins

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19
Q

Transport proteins with a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel

A

Channel Proteins

20
Q

Channel proteins called […] facilitate the passage of water

A

aquaporins

21
Q

Transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane

A

Carrier Proteins

22
Q

The tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into available space down their concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

23
Q

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane

A

Passive Transport

24
Q

The 5 factors that influence diffusion rates

A
  • distance
  • molecular size
  • temperature
  • steepness of concentration gradient
  • membrane surface area
25
Q

Diffusion across membranes that do not require membrane proteins nor energy

A

Simple Diffusion

26
Q

Diffusion across membranes that requires membrane proteins but not energy

A

Channel-Mediated Diffusion

27
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

28
Q

The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

A

Tonicity

29
Q

Tonicity

Solute concentration is equal outside and inside the cell; No net water movement

A

Isotonic Solution

30
Q

Tonicity

Solute concentration is greater outside than inside the cell; cell loses water

A

Hypertonic Solution

31
Q

Tonicity

Solute concentration is less outside than inside the cell; cell gains water

A

Hypotonic Solution

32
Q

Effects of hypotonic solution to [animal] and [plant] cells

A
  • lysed
  • turgid (normal)
33
Q

Effects of isotonic solution to [animal] and [plant] cells

A
  • normal
  • flaccid
34
Q

Effects of hypertonic solution to [animal] and [plant] cells

A
  • shriveled
  • plasmolyzed
35
Q

A lethal effect in cells wherein the membrane pulls away from the cell due to water loss

A

Plasmolysis

36
Q

A type of passive transport aided by proteins

A

Facilitated Diffusion

37
Q

Transport that moves substances against their concentration gradients using energy

A

Active Transport

38
Q

The voltage difference across a membrane

A

Membrane Potential

39
Q

Created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions across a membrane

A

Voltage

40
Q

The combined forces that drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane

A

Electrochemical Gradient
- chemical force (ion’s concentration gradient)
- electrical force (effect of membrane potential on ion’s movement)

41
Q

A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

A

Electrogenic Pump

42
Q

The main electrogenic pump of plants, fungi, and bacteria

A

Proton Pump

43
Q

Transport that occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other solutes

A

Cotransport

44
Q

Transport that occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis

A

Bulk Transport

45
Q

Bulk Transport

Transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents to the outside

A

Exocytosis

46
Q

The 3 types of endocytosis

A
  • phagocytosis (cellular eating)
  • pinocytosis (cellular drinking)
  • receptor-mediated endocytosis
47
Q

Bulk Transport

Cell forms vesicles from the plasma membrane to take in macromolecules

A

Endocytosis

Cell & Molecular Biology (10 decks)

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