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Cell & Molecular Biology > Unit 2: Biochemistry of the Cell > Flashcards

Unit 2: Biochemistry of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

In human tissues, water content ranges from […] in bones and […] in brain cells

A
  • 20%
  • 85%
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2
Q

The 5 basic properties of water

A
  • cohesion and adhesion
  • good solvent
  • lower density as a solid
  • high specific heat
  • high heat of vaporization
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3
Q

A property of water referring to its hydrogen bonding with other water molecules

A

Cohesion
- surface tension

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4
Q

A property of water referring to its hydrogen bonding with other substances

A

Adhesion
- capillary action
- meniscus

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5
Q

What makes water a good solvent?

A

Its polarity

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6
Q

Compounds made up of hydrocarbons

A

Organic Compound

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7
Q

The 4 classes of biological macromolecules

A
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • carbohydrates
  • nucleic acids
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8
Q

The main source of energy of the body

A

Simple Carbohydrates

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9
Q

The body’s long term storage for energy

A

Complex Carbohydrates

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10
Q

A simple test used to detect the presence of carbohydrates

A

Iodine Test

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11
Q

A glucose polymer in plants:
- used as storage for energy
- contains amylose and amylopectin

A

Starch

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12
Q

A glucose polymer in plants:
- used for structure and support
- contains unbranched glucose units

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

A glucose polymer in animals:
- used as storage for energy found in the liver
- contains branched glucose units

A

Glycogen

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14
Q

The 5 various uses of glycogen

A
  • energy storage
  • insulation
  • cushion
  • muscle growth (anabolic steroids)
  • waterproofing surfaces
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15
Q

Made up of fatty acid monomers with a glycerol backbone and a fatty acid tail

A

Fats

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16
Q

A glycerol group with 3 fatty acid chains

A

Triglyceride

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17
Q

A simple test used to determine the presence of lipids

A

Emulsion Test

18
Q

The 5 various functions of proteins

A

MEANS
- membrane component
- enzymes
- antibodies
- non-steroid hormones
- structure

19
Q

The […] of a protein determines its function

20
Q

A type of protein structure consisting of a sequence of a chain of amino acids

A

Primary Protein Structure

21
Q

A type of protein structure consisting of repeating patterns of amino acids caused by hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone

A

Secondary Protein Structure

22
Q

A type of protein structure consisting of three-dimensional folding patterns due to side chain interactions

A

Tertiary Protein Structure

23
Q

A type of protein structure consisting of more than one amino acid chain

A

Quaternary Protein Structure

24
Q

The 7 types of proteins according to function

A

SCTSHEP
- structural
- contractile
- transport
- storage
- hormonal
- enzymes
- protection

25
A chemical signaling protein that causes cells to take up glucose from the blood and convert it into glycogen
Insulin
26
Low hemoglobin levels are associated with these 3 conditions
- kidney disease - liver disease - anemia
27
Elevated hemoglobin levels are associated with these 3 conditions
- chronic lung disease - dehydration - heart failure
28
An enzyme that breaks down proteins
Pepsin
29
Enzymes which are molecule-specific and are folded specific to its function
Lock and Key Model
30
The 4 factors affecting enzyme activity
- temperature - pH - enzyme concentration - substrate concentration
31
The information molecule
DNA
32
Made up of thousands of shorter segments of DNA called genes
Chromosomes
33
These store the directions for making proteins
Genes
34
Each gene is further divided into 3 nucleotide subsegments called [...]
codons
35
Each nucleotide monomer is built from these 3 simple molecular parts
- deoxyribose sugar - phosphate group - nitrogenous base
36
Why is adenine always hydrogen bonded to thymine?
A and T each have one donor and one acceptor
37
Why is cytosine always hydrogen bonded to guanine?
C has one donor and two acceptors while G has two donors and one acceptor
38
This rule states that in DNA, there is always equality in quantity between the bases A & T and the bases G & C
Chargaff's Rule
39
These function in cellular protein synthesis
RNA
40
A type of RNA that carries DNA instructions to ribosomes
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
41
A type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
42
A type of RNA that makes up ribosome-protein factories of the cell
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Cell & Molecular Biology (10 decks)

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