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Cell & Molecular Biology > Unit 1: Introduction to the Cell > Flashcards

Unit 1: Introduction to the Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

He discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork

A

Robert Hooke
(1665)

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2
Q

He used a handmade microscope to observe animalcules in pond scum and various specimens

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek
(1673-74)

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3
Q

He said that cells are found both in animals and plants

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek
(1673-74)

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4
Q

A once widely accepted belief as to the origin of organisms

A

Spontaneous Generation

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5
Q

He discovered the nucleus, an opaque spot in cells

A

Robert Brown
(1831)

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6
Q

The random motion of particles resulting from their collision with the fast-moving atoms or molecules in a medium

A

Brownian Motion

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7
Q

He coined the term protoplasm to describe the contents of a cell

A

Johannes Purkinje
(1839)

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8
Q

He concluded that all plant parts are made up of cells; He is a cofounder of the cell theory

A

Matthias Schleiden
(1838)

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9
Q

He concluded that all animal tissues are made up of cells; He is a cofounder of the cell theory

A

Theodor Schwann
(1839)

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10
Q

He stated that cells originate from other preexisting cells

A

Rudolph Virchow
(1955)

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11
Q

He demonstrated the first evidence of cell division

A

Rudolph Virchow
(1955)

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12
Q

The statement of Rudolph Virchow as to the concept of cells arising from preexisting cells

A

Omnis cellula e cellula

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13
Q

The 3 statements of Cell Theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells (Schleiden and Schwann, 1839-39)
  2. Cells are the smallest living things (Schleiden and Schwann, 1839-39)
  3. Cells arise only from preexisting cells (Virchow, 1955)
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14
Q

The 3 structures common in all cells

A
  1. Genetic Material
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Plasma Membrane
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15
Q

The 4 additional statements of Cell Theory

A
  1. Cells pass on information during cell division using DNA
  2. All cells have the same chemical composition and metabolic activities
  3. All cells have the same chemical and physiological functions
  4. Cell activity depends on the activities of its structures
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16
Q

Microscopes that can resolve structures 200nm apart

A

Light Microscopes

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17
Q

Microscopes that can resolve structures 0.2nm apart

A

Electron Microscopes

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18
Q

A region of the cytoplasm where a prokaryote’s genome (DNA) is located

A

Nucleoid

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19
Q

A small extra piece of chromosome in prokaryotes

A

Plasmid

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20
Q

Also known as protoplasm, a gel-like substance that contains cell structures and processes

A

Cytoplasm

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21
Q

Bacteria’s storage for nutrients

A

Granules

22
Q

A structure that separates the cell from its environment

A

Plasma Membrane

23
Q

Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan cell walls

A

Gram-positive

24
Q

Bacteria with thin peptidoglycan cell walls

A

Gram-negative

25
Q

The 4 surface appendages commonly found in prokaryotes

A
  • Flagella
  • Axial Filaments
  • Fimbriae
  • Pili
26
Q

The 3 basic shapes of bacteria

A
  • Bacillus (rod)
  • Coccus (spherical)
  • Spiral:
    a) spirillum - rigid cell wall with flagella
    b) spirochete - flexible cell wall with axial filament
27
Q

A structure of a cell which holds the DNA

A

Nucleus
(control center)

28
Q

The 6 common structures found in cytoplasm

A
  • cytosol
  • organelles
  • inclusions
  • glycogen (muscle & liver cells)
  • lipid droplets (fat cells)
  • melanin granules (skin & hair cells)
29
Q

A structure that breaks down food to make ATP for the cell

A

Mitochondria
(powerhouse)

30
Q

A structure that synthesizes proteins and is found in all cells

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

A type of ribosome that synthesize proteins and function within the cell

A

Free Ribosomes

32
Q

A type of ribosomes that synthesize proteins incorporated into cell membranes

A

Attached Ribosomes

33
Q

A network of rods that support the cell’s structure

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

A component of the cytoskeleton which are thick rods composed of tubulin

A

Microtubules

35
Q

A component of the cytoskeleton which are thin filaments composed of actin

A

Microfilaments

36
Q

A component of the cytoskeleton which are tough protein fibers

A

Intermediate Filaments

37
Q

The 3 cellular extensions commonly found in eukaryotes

A
  • Microvilli
  • Cilia
  • Flagella
38
Q

A cellular extension which are fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane, acting to increase surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

39
Q

A cellular extension which are short, hair-like projections, acting to propel substances over the cell’s surface

A

Cilia

40
Q

A cellular extension which are long, hair-like projections, acting to propel the cell

A

Flagella

41
Q

A cellular structure that acts as its internal delivery system

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum
(roads)

42
Q

A type of endoplasmic reticulum which helps make proteins

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

43
Q

A type of endoplasmic reticulum which makes fats

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

44
Q

A cellular structure that packages, modifies, and transports materials in and out of the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus
(shippers)

45
Q

A cellular structure that breaks down food and for destroying old cells

A

Lysosomes

46
Q

Membranous sacs of oxidase and catalase that detoxify alcohol and neutralize free radicals

A

Peroxisomes

47
Q

A plant cellular structure that stores water

A

Vacuoles

48
Q

A plant cellular structure that traps energy from the sun to produce food

A

Chloroplast

49
Q

A plant cellular structure that provides support and protection to the cell membrane

A

Cell Wall

50
Q

The 7 organelles found in both plant and animal cells

A
  • nucleus
  • ribosomes
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • golgi bodies
  • mitochondria
  • cytoplasm
  • vacuoles

Cell & Molecular Biology (10 decks)

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