Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity RC Flashcards
Cellular Division
The process of duplicating cells
Egg cell
The female reproductive cell
Epigenetic
Heritable changes in an organism that don’t come from the DNA sequence being changed
Fertilization
The fusion of two gametes into to form zygote
Genome
An organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes
Multicellular Organism
An organism that contains more than one cell
Inherited Traits
Traits that are inherited from parent to offspring
Sexual Reproduction
The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes
Sperm Cell
The male reproductive cell
Autosomal
A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Complete Dominance
Where the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele
Dihybrid Cross
A cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes
F1 (First Filial)
The first generation of offspring
F2 (Second Filial)
The offspring of the F1 generation
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotypic Ratio
The ratio of the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
Conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium such as no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
A law that states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
Incomplete Dominance
When the result of two alleles is a mix of the two rather than one allele only being present
Monohybrid Cross
A cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest
P (Parental) Generation
The first set of parents crossed
Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism
Phenotypic Ratio
A ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance
Polygenic Inheritance
The inheritance of a trait decided by more than one gene
Population
The amount of species in an area
Ratio
A comparison between two data sets
Variation
The differences between individuals of a certain species
