Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity RC

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

A variant of a gene that is used for traits

Question 2

Centromere

Answer 2

The point or region on a chromosome where the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis

Question 3

Chromatid

Answer 3

One of the identical halves of a chromosome

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

A structure in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA

Question 5

Codon

Answer 5

3 nitrogenous bases on RNA that can be shown on a chart that represent what amino acid is formed from those bases

Question 6

Crossing Over

Answer 6

The exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes

Question 7

Daughter Cell

Answer 7

One of the 2 cells that are formed by cell mitosis

Question 8

Deletion

Answer 8

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

The presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a nucleid acid that carries important genetic information

Question 11

Fertilization

Answer 11

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum

Question 12

Frameshift

Answer 12

An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three

Question 13

Gamete

Answer 13

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

The basic unit of heredity

Question 15

Gene Mutation

Answer 15

A change in one or more genes

Question 16

Genetic Code

Answer 16

The instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

Question 17

Genetic Variation

Answer 17

The variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 18

Haploid

Answer 18

The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

Question 19

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 19

Pairs of chromosomes originating from each parent

Question 20

Independent Assortment

Answer 20

How different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 21

Insertion

Answer 21

A type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

Question 22

Meiosis

Answer 22

A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 23

Meiosis I

Answer 23

The first division in meiosis in which the number of cells is doubled but the number of chromosomes is not

Question 24

Meiosis II

Answer 24

The second division in meiosis in which chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells

Question 25

Monosomy

Answer 25

The condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

Question 26

Mutagen

Answer 26

A chemical or physical agent capable of inducing mutations in DNA

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

A change in a DNA sequence

Question 28

Nondisjunction

Answer 28

The failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Question 29

Offspring

Answer 29

The organisms produced by either sexual or asexual production

Question 30

Parent Cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells

Question 31

Point Mutation

Answer 31

A change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered

Question 32

Replication

Answer 32

The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

Question 33

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 33

The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 34

Somatic Cell

Answer 34

The cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

Question 35

Substitution

Answer 35

A type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Question 36

Trisomy

Answer 36

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body's cells

Question 37

Trait

Answer 37

A specific characteristic of an individual