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Biology 1 Honors Ralph Codron > Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity RC > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity RC Flashcards

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1
Q

Allele

A

A variant of a gene that is used for traits

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2
Q

Centromere

A

The point or region on a chromosome where the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis

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3
Q

Chromatid

A

One of the identical halves of a chromosome

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA

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5
Q

Codon

A

3 nitrogenous bases on RNA that can be shown on a chart that represent what amino acid is formed from those bases

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6
Q

Crossing Over

A

The exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes

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7
Q

Daughter Cell

A

One of the 2 cells that are formed by cell mitosis

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8
Q

Deletion

A

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA

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9
Q

Diploid

A

The presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

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10
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a nucleid acid that carries important genetic information

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11
Q

Fertilization

A

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum

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12
Q

Frameshift

A

An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three

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13
Q

Gamete

A

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant

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14
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity

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15
Q

Gene Mutation

A

A change in one or more genes

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16
Q

Genetic Code

A

The instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

17
Q

Genetic Variation

A

The variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

18
Q

Haploid

A

The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

19
Q

Homologous Chromosome

A

Pairs of chromosomes originating from each parent

20
Q

Independent Assortment

A

How different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

21
Q

Insertion

A

A type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

22
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

23
Q

Meiosis I

A

The first division in meiosis in which the number of cells is doubled but the number of chromosomes is not

24
Q

Meiosis II

A

The second division in meiosis in which chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells

25
Q

Monosomy

A

The condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

26
Q

Mutagen

A

A chemical or physical agent capable of inducing mutations in DNA

27
Q

Mutation

A

A change in a DNA sequence

28
Q

Nondisjunction

A

The failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

29
Q

Offspring

A

The organisms produced by either sexual or asexual production

30
Q

Parent Cell

A

A cell that is the source of other cells

31
Q

Point Mutation

A

A change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered

32
Q

Replication

A

The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

33
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

34
Q

Somatic Cell

A

The cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

35
Q

Substitution

A

A type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

36
Q

Trisomy

A

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells

37
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic of an individual

Biology 1 Honors Ralph Codron (5 decks)

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