Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity RC

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Thymine

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

The building blocks for proteins

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

3 nucleotide bases on one end of tRNA that bind to a complementary codon in mRNA during protein synthesis.

Question 4

Cell Types

Answer 4

The basic functional units of an organism - stem cells, bone cells, blood cells, muscle cells, sperm cells, egg cells, fat cells, and nerve cells

Question 5

Cell Differentiation

Answer 5

The process when a cell becomes specialized into different cell types

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A structure containing DNA inside of the nucleus of a cell

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

3 nucleotides in DNA or RNA that correspond to a certain amino acid during protein synthesis

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The gel-like substance that fills the inside of a cell

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Guanine

Question 10

Deoxyribose

Answer 10

A sugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 4 oxygen atoms (Pentose) - Is a part of DNA

Question 11

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Answer 11

A nucleic acid that carries genetic information and forms a double helix

Question 12

Double Helix

Answer 12

The term that describes the structure of DNA

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough)

Answer 13

An organelle in a cell where proteins processing substance synthesizing happens

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

Proteins that can reduce necessary energy and accelerate chemical reactions

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity or a sequence of nucleotides in DNA

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 16

An organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Cytosine

Question 18

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 18

An attraction between two atoms that are already bonded to other atoms

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA that carries the genetic information that is necessary to synthesize proteins

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

Any change in a DNA sequence

Question 21

Nitrogenous Base

Answer 21

Nitrogen containing compounds that act as a base

Question 22

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 22

A part of the nucleus that prevents molecules from freely passing into the nucleus

Question 23

Nucleic Acid

Answer 23

A type of macromolecule that carries and stores genetic information

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

The monomer for nucleic acids

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

The organelle in a cell that contains chromosomes

Question 26

Peptide Bond

Answer 26

A bond that links together amino acids to form a protein

Question 27

Phosphate Group

Answer 27

A group of one phosphate atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms

Question 28

Polypeptides

Answer 28

A short chain of amino acids that are bonded by peptide bonds. They are the polymer for proteins.

Question 29

Protein Synthesis

Answer 29

The creation of protein in cells

Question 30

Ribose

Answer 30

A sugar (carbohydrate) that is a part of DNA and RNA. It is also needed to form ATP.

Question 31

Ribosome

Answer 31

A macromolecular machine that produce proteins from amino acids

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

A nucleic acid needed for many biological functions including protein synthesis

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

A ribozyme that carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes.

Question 34

Start Codon

Answer 34

The first codon that is translated by a ribosome

Question 35

Stop Codon

Answer 35

The codon that signals the end of the translation process for that protein

Question 36

Thymine

Answer 36

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Adenine

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

The process of making a copy of DNA into RNA

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

Synthesizing proteins by using the genetic information in mRNA

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

A type of RNA that helps decode mRNA to synthesize a protein

Question 40

Uracil

Answer 40

A nitrogenous base in RNA that bonds with Adenine

Question 41

Vesicle

Answer 41

A small sac filled with liquid that is formed by a cell's membrane