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Biology 1 Honors Ralph Codron > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity RC > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity RC Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenine

A

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Thymine

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

The building blocks for proteins

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3
Q

Anticodon

A

3 nucleotide bases on one end of tRNA that bind to a complementary codon in mRNA during protein synthesis.

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4
Q

Cell Types

A

The basic functional units of an organism - stem cells, bone cells, blood cells, muscle cells, sperm cells, egg cells, fat cells, and nerve cells

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5
Q

Cell Differentiation

A

The process when a cell becomes specialized into different cell types

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure containing DNA inside of the nucleus of a cell

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7
Q

Codon

A

3 nucleotides in DNA or RNA that correspond to a certain amino acid during protein synthesis

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The gel-like substance that fills the inside of a cell

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Guanine

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10
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A sugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 4 oxygen atoms (Pentose) - Is a part of DNA

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11
Q

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

A

A nucleic acid that carries genetic information and forms a double helix

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12
Q

Double Helix

A

The term that describes the structure of DNA

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough)

A

An organelle in a cell where proteins processing substance synthesizing happens

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14
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins that can reduce necessary energy and accelerate chemical reactions

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15
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity or a sequence of nucleotides in DNA

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

An organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids

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17
Q

Guanine

A

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Cytosine

18
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

An attraction between two atoms that are already bonded to other atoms

19
Q

mRNA

A

A type of RNA that carries the genetic information that is necessary to synthesize proteins

20
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in a DNA sequence

21
Q

Nitrogenous Base

A

Nitrogen containing compounds that act as a base

22
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

A part of the nucleus that prevents molecules from freely passing into the nucleus

23
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

A type of macromolecule that carries and stores genetic information

24
Q

Nucleotide

A

The monomer for nucleic acids

25
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle in a cell that contains chromosomes

26
Q

Peptide Bond

A

A bond that links together amino acids to form a protein

27
Q

Phosphate Group

A

A group of one phosphate atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms

28
Q

Polypeptides

A

A short chain of amino acids that are bonded by peptide bonds. They are the polymer for proteins.

29
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

The creation of protein in cells

30
Q

Ribose

A

A sugar (carbohydrate) that is a part of DNA and RNA. It is also needed to form ATP.

31
Q

Ribosome

A

A macromolecular machine that produce proteins from amino acids

32
Q

RNA

A

A nucleic acid needed for many biological functions including protein synthesis

33
Q

rRNA

A

A ribozyme that carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes.

34
Q

Start Codon

A

The first codon that is translated by a ribosome

35
Q

Stop Codon

A

The codon that signals the end of the translation process for that protein

36
Q

Thymine

A

A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Adenine

37
Q

Transcription

A

The process of making a copy of DNA into RNA

38
Q

Translation

A

Synthesizing proteins by using the genetic information in mRNA

39
Q

tRNA

A

A type of RNA that helps decode mRNA to synthesize a protein

40
Q

Uracil

A

A nitrogenous base in RNA that bonds with Adenine

41
Q

Vesicle

A

A small sac filled with liquid that is formed by a cell’s membrane

Biology 1 Honors Ralph Codron (5 decks)

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