Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity RC Flashcards
Adenine
A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Thymine
Amino Acid
The building blocks for proteins
Anticodon
3 nucleotide bases on one end of tRNA that bind to a complementary codon in mRNA during protein synthesis.
Cell Types
The basic functional units of an organism - stem cells, bone cells, blood cells, muscle cells, sperm cells, egg cells, fat cells, and nerve cells
Cell Differentiation
The process when a cell becomes specialized into different cell types
Chromosome
A structure containing DNA inside of the nucleus of a cell
Codon
3 nucleotides in DNA or RNA that correspond to a certain amino acid during protein synthesis
Cytoplasm
The gel-like substance that fills the inside of a cell
Cytosine
A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Guanine
Deoxyribose
A sugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 4 oxygen atoms (Pentose) - Is a part of DNA
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
A nucleic acid that carries genetic information and forms a double helix
Double Helix
The term that describes the structure of DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough)
An organelle in a cell where proteins processing substance synthesizing happens
Enzyme
Proteins that can reduce necessary energy and accelerate chemical reactions
Gene
The basic unit of heredity or a sequence of nucleotides in DNA
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids
Guanine
A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Cytosine
Hydrogen Bond
An attraction between two atoms that are already bonded to other atoms
mRNA
A type of RNA that carries the genetic information that is necessary to synthesize proteins
Mutation
Any change in a DNA sequence
Nitrogenous Base
Nitrogen containing compounds that act as a base
Nuclear Membrane
A part of the nucleus that prevents molecules from freely passing into the nucleus
Nucleic Acid
A type of macromolecule that carries and stores genetic information
Nucleotide
The monomer for nucleic acids
Nucleus
The organelle in a cell that contains chromosomes
Peptide Bond
A bond that links together amino acids to form a protein
Phosphate Group
A group of one phosphate atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms
Polypeptides
A short chain of amino acids that are bonded by peptide bonds. They are the polymer for proteins.
Protein Synthesis
The creation of protein in cells
Ribose
A sugar (carbohydrate) that is a part of DNA and RNA. It is also needed to form ATP.
Ribosome
A macromolecular machine that produce proteins from amino acids
RNA
A nucleic acid needed for many biological functions including protein synthesis
rRNA
A ribozyme that carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes.
Start Codon
The first codon that is translated by a ribosome
Stop Codon
The codon that signals the end of the translation process for that protein
Thymine
A nitrogenous base in DNA that bonds with Adenine
Transcription
The process of making a copy of DNA into RNA
Translation
Synthesizing proteins by using the genetic information in mRNA
tRNA
A type of RNA that helps decode mRNA to synthesize a protein
Uracil
A nitrogenous base in RNA that bonds with Adenine
Vesicle
A small sac filled with liquid that is formed by a cell’s membrane
