Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy RC Flashcards

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1
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that makes its own energy

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2
Q

Light Reactions

A

A stage in photosynthesis that requires energy from the sun (Input: Sunlight, Water, NADP+, ADP) (Output: Oxygen, NADPH, ATP)

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3
Q

Chlorophyll

A

One of the most important pigments in photosynthesis; located in the chloroplast

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4
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process in which plants use energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose and a byproduct of oxygen

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5
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

A process in photosynthesis that helps with light dependent and independent reactions

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6
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

A group of proteins in the mitochondrial membrane where electrons pass through to release energy.

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7
Q

Pigment

A

A colored material in a cell

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7
Q

NADPH

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - An electron donor (transfers electrons)used in photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Heterotrophs

A

An organism that needs to eat food - gets energy from other organisms (Autotrophs or other Heterotrophs)

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8
Q

Granum

A

A stack of thylakoids found in chloroplasts in plant cells

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8
Q

Thylakoids

A

Sacks in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

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9
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

When plants convert carbon from the atmosphere into organic matter to fuel cellular respiration

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10
Q

Stomata

A

The fluid in the space of the chloroplasts - provides support

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11
Q

Mitochondrial Matrix

A

The inner space in a mitochondria surrounded by the membrane

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12
Q

Carotenoids

A

A class of many pigments in plants that help with photosynthesis

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12
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

A chemical process where oxygen makes energy from carbohydrates

13
Q

Fermentation

A

When substances break down into smaller substances

14
Q

NAD+

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - a chemical compound that transfers electrons in molecules.

15
Q

Glycolysis

A

When enzymes break up glucose, releasing energy

16
Q

NADH

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen - an electron carrier in the citric acid cycle and is a part of glycolysis

16
Q

Alcoholic Fermentation

A

A process in which glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol) (Ethanol fermentation)

17
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The process where oxygen is used to break down carbohydrates or food molecules to get energy for the function of the cell

17
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

A cycle in the mitochondria where almost all living cells produce energy (Citric Acid Cycle)

18
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

A process where cells break down sugars to release energy when oxygen is not present

19
Q

Pyruvic Acid

A

An acid found in living cells that provides energy to cells through the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

20
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate - the source of energy and energy storage for cells

20
Q

Citric Acid

A

Citric acid is a tryarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) that completes the break down of glucose to carbon dioxide

21
Q

ADP

A

Adenosine Diphosphate - the depleted version of ATP