Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy RC Flashcards
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own energy
Light Reactions
A stage in photosynthesis that requires energy from the sun (Input: Sunlight, Water, NADP+, ADP) (Output: Oxygen, NADPH, ATP)
Chlorophyll
One of the most important pigments in photosynthesis; located in the chloroplast
Photosynthesis
The process in which plants use energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose and a byproduct of oxygen
Calvin Cycle
A process in photosynthesis that helps with light dependent and independent reactions
Electron Transport Chain
A group of proteins in the mitochondrial membrane where electrons pass through to release energy.
Pigment
A colored material in a cell
NADPH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - An electron donor (transfers electrons)used in photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs
An organism that needs to eat food - gets energy from other organisms (Autotrophs or other Heterotrophs)
Granum
A stack of thylakoids found in chloroplasts in plant cells
Thylakoids
Sacks in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
Carbon Fixation
When plants convert carbon from the atmosphere into organic matter to fuel cellular respiration
Stomata
The fluid in the space of the chloroplasts - provides support
Mitochondrial Matrix
The inner space in a mitochondria surrounded by the membrane
Carotenoids
A class of many pigments in plants that help with photosynthesis
Aerobic Respiration
A chemical process where oxygen makes energy from carbohydrates
Fermentation
When substances break down into smaller substances
NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - a chemical compound that transfers electrons in molecules.
Glycolysis
When enzymes break up glucose, releasing energy
NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen - an electron carrier in the citric acid cycle and is a part of glycolysis
Alcoholic Fermentation
A process in which glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol) (Ethanol fermentation)
Cellular Respiration
The process where oxygen is used to break down carbohydrates or food molecules to get energy for the function of the cell
Krebs Cycle
A cycle in the mitochondria where almost all living cells produce energy (Citric Acid Cycle)
Anaerobic Respiration
A process where cells break down sugars to release energy when oxygen is not present
Pyruvic Acid
An acid found in living cells that provides energy to cells through the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate - the source of energy and energy storage for cells
Citric Acid
Citric acid is a tryarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) that completes the break down of glucose to carbon dioxide
ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate - the depleted version of ATP
