Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity PL Flashcards
Cellular division
The division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.
Egg cell
The female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms.
Epigenetic
The study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
Fertilization
The union of two gametes.
Genome
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.
Inherited traits
A particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.
Multicellular organism
An organism that is made of many cells.
Sexual reproduction
The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
Sperm cell
The male reproductive cell.
Autosomal
One of the numbered chromosomes. (Not a sex chromosome)
Complete dominance
A form of dominance wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous conditions.
Dihybrid cross
A mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
F1 (first filial)
The first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.
F2 (second filial)
The result of a cross between two F1 individuals.
Genotypic ratio
The number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations. There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
The genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Incomplete dominance
The genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.
Monohybrid cross
A breeding experiment in which the parents differ in only one genetically determined trait.
P (parental) generation
The first generation involving two individuals that are mated to foresee or analyze the genotypes of their offspring.
Phenotypic ratio
A phenotypic ratio is a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.
Polygenic inheritance
Polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.
Population
Population, in biology, is defined as all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.
Ratio
Ratio defines the relationship between the quantities of two or more objects.
