Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity PL

Question 1

Cellular division

Answer 1

The division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 2

Egg cell

Answer 2

The female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms.

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

The study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

The union of two gametes.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

A particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

An organism that is made of many cells.

Question 8

Sexual reproduction

Answer 8

The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

Sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell.

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

One of the numbered chromosomes. (Not a sex chromosome)

Question 11

Complete dominance

Answer 11

A form of dominance wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous conditions.

Question 12

Dihybrid cross

Answer 12

A mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

The first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

The result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

Question 15

Genotypic ratio

Answer 15

The number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg conditions

Answer 16

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations. There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 17

The genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

The genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.

Question 19

Monohybrid cross

Answer 19

A breeding experiment in which the parents differ in only one genetically determined trait.

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

The first generation involving two individuals that are mated to foresee or analyze the genotypes of their offspring.

Question 21

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

A phenotypic ratio is a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.

Question 22

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

Polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

Population, in biology, is defined as all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.

Question 24

Ratio

Answer 24

Ratio defines the relationship between the quantities of two or more objects.

Question 25

Variation

Answer 25

Variation is the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors.

Question 26

Genotype

Answer 26

The genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism’s complete set of genes.

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

Phenotype refers to an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type.