Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy PL

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

The reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

The green pigment in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is essential for photosynthesis.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

The cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

It transfers energy, step wise, from one compound to another. These compounds are usually protein complexes such as the one found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups.

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

An organic compound that gives a characteristic color to plant or animal tissues and is involved in vital processes.

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

The term granum refers to a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

A stoma is a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange. Stomata is the plural term for stoma.

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

Carbon fixation is the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

Carbon fixation is the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

Thylakoids are pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

Carotenoids are tetraterpene pigments, which exhibit yellow, orange, red and purple colors.

Question 15

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 15

The mitochondrial matrix is the inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane, which contains several proteins, such as enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and other biochemical reactions.

Question 16

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 16

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates.

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

Fermentation is the process of sugars being broken down by enzymes of microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.

Question 18

NAD+

Answer 18

A critical coenzyme found in every cell in your body that’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes like cellular energy and mitochondrial health.

Question 19

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 19

Alcoholic fermentation or ethanol fermentation is a biological method wherein the sugar gets transformed into carbon dioxide and alcohol.

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.

Question 21

NADH

Answer 21

NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.

Question 22

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 22

Anaerobic respiration is the respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen to produce the energy.

Question 23

Cellular Respiration

Answer 23

Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP.

Question 24

Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

A series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.

Question 25

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 25

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism.

Question 26

Citric Acid

Answer 26

A sour organic acid C6H8O7 occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used as a flavoring.

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

An energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. It is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Question 28

ADP

Answer 28

ADP is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates. Its most important role is that it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP, the premier energy molecule in living cells.