Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy PL Flashcards
Autotroph
An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
Light Reactions
The reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.
Chlorophyll
The green pigment in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is essential for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.
Calvin Cycle
The cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars.
Electron Transport Chain
It transfers energy, step wise, from one compound to another. These compounds are usually protein complexes such as the one found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
NADPH
Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups.
Pigment
An organic compound that gives a characteristic color to plant or animal tissues and is involved in vital processes.
Granum
The term granum refers to a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Stomata
A stoma is a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange. Stomata is the plural term for stoma.
Carbon Fixation
Carbon fixation is the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.
Heterotrophs
Carbon fixation is the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.
Thylakoids
Thylakoids are pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.
Carotenoids
Carotenoids are tetraterpene pigments, which exhibit yellow, orange, red and purple colors.
Mitochondrial Matrix
The mitochondrial matrix is the inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane, which contains several proteins, such as enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and other biochemical reactions.
Aerobic Respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates.
Fermentation
Fermentation is the process of sugars being broken down by enzymes of microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.
NAD+
A critical coenzyme found in every cell in your body that’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes like cellular energy and mitochondrial health.
Alcoholic Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation or ethanol fermentation is a biological method wherein the sugar gets transformed into carbon dioxide and alcohol.
Glycolysis
A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.
NADH
NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration is the respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen to produce the energy.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP.
Krebs Cycle
A series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.
Pyruvic Acid
A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism.
Citric Acid
A sour organic acid C6H8O7 occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used as a flavoring.
ATP
An energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. It is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
ADP
ADP is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates. Its most important role is that it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP, the premier energy molecule in living cells.
