Unit 1 Exp Design PL Flashcards
Testable Question
Ones that can be answered through experiments and observation of the world.
Non-testable Question
Ones that cannot be answered through experiments and require an opinion. It could be answered differently by different people.
Quantitative
Relating to or expressible in terms of quantity. (numbers)
Qualitative
Relating to the nature or standard of something. (letters)
Trials
The act of testing by experience; proof; test. Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions.
Observation
Observation in the natural sciences is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source.
Empirical Evidence
Empirical evidence is the information obtained through observation and documentation of certain behavior and patterns or through an experiment.
Data
Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.
Model in Science
A scientific model is a physical and/or mathematical and/or conceptual representation of a system of ideas, events or processes.
Analogy
A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
Prototype
A first, typical or preliminary model of something, especially a machine, from which other forms are developed or copied.
Variable
Variables are anything that can change or be changed within an experiment.
Hypothesis
A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Procedure
The procedure is a detailed, step-by-step list of everything you will do in your experiment, including the materials and methods you will use.
Precision
Precision refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other.
Accuracy
Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value.
Control
When conducting an experiment, a control is an element that remains unchanged or unaffected by other variables.
Scientific Method
The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.
Constant
The factors that do not change during the experiment.
Predict
In science, a possible outcome of a scientific test based on logically reasoning about a particular scientific idea.
Infer
Inference may be defined as the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning.
Independent Variable
It is a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.
Manipulated Variable
A factor that is purposefully and specifically changed by the experimenter.
Dependent Variable
A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.
Sample Size
Sample size refers to the number of participants or observations included in a study.
Responding Variable
The definition of a responding variable is the factor that is measured by the scientist as a result of the effects of the manipulated variable.
Validity
Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.
Trends in Data
A trend is a pattern found in time series datasets; it is used to describe if the data is showing an upward or downward movement for part or all of the time series.
Correlation
Correlation describes the relationship between variables.
Variability
Variability describes how far apart data points lie from each other and from the center of a distribution.
Mass
Mass is the amount of matter or substance that makes up an object.
Volume
Volume refers to the amount of space the object takes up.
Weight
The force exerted on a body by gravity.
Percent
A relative value indicating hundredth parts of any quantity.
Rate
A quantity, amount, or degree of something measured per unit of something else.
Ratio
A ratio can be defined as the relationship or comparison between two numbers of the same unit to check how bigger is one number than the other one.
Line Graph
A graph that uses lines to connect individual data points.
Bar Graph
A type of graph in which each column (plotted either vertically or horizontally) represents a categorical variable.
Pie Graph
A pie chart, sometimes called a circle chart, is a way of summarizing a set of nominal data or displaying the different values of a given variable.
Scatterplot
A scatter plot (aka scatter chart, scatter graph) uses dots to represent values for two different numeric variables.
Claim
A scientific claim is a generalization based on a reported statistically significant effect.
Evidence
Evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.
Theory
A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts.
Reason
The ability to recognize and understand the scientific method, concepts, processes, and applications used in the pursuit of knowledge.
Bias
Any systematic deviation between the results of a study and the “truth.”
