Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Cellular Division

Answer 1

The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells.

Question 2

Egg Cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

the union of two gametes.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell.

Question 6

Inherited Traits

Answer 6

a trait or variants encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.

Question 7

Multicellular Organism

Answer 7

an organism that is made of many cells, such as plants, animals or fungi.

Question 8

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

Sperm Cell

Answer 9

a form of gamete or reproductive cell found in the male human body

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells.

Question 11

Complete Dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;

Question 12

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 13

F1 (First Filial)

Answer 13

the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.

Question 14

F2 (Second Filial)

Answer 14

the second filial generation in a genetic cross, which results from the self-fertilization or mating of individuals from the F1 generation.

Question 15

Gentoype

Answer 15

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

Gentoypic Ratio

Answer 16

The proportion of various genotypes in a population or the children of a genetic cross

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 17

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 19

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 19

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 20

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 20

the genes from two parents are “mixed” together (by sexual reproduction) in order to examine the resulting inheritance of one specific gene or trait.

Question 21

P (Parental) Generation

Answer 21

the first set of parents crossed.

Question 22

Phentoype

Answer 22

the observable physical properties of an organism

Question 23

Phentoypic Ratio

Answer 23

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another

Question 24

Polygenc Inheritance

Answer 24

genetic inheritance patterns which are controlled by more than one gene.

Question 25

Population

Answer 25

all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves

Question 26

Ratio

Answer 26

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another

Question 27

Variation

Answer 27

the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors