Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
Cellular Division
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells.
Egg Cell
the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms
Epigenetic
the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
Fertilization
the union of two gametes.
Genome
the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell.
Inherited Traits
a trait or variants encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.
Multicellular Organism
an organism that is made of many cells, such as plants, animals or fungi.
Sexual Reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
Sperm Cell
a form of gamete or reproductive cell found in the male human body
Autosomal
Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells.
Complete Dominance
a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;
Dihybrid Cross
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
F1 (First Filial)
the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.
F2 (Second Filial)
the second filial generation in a genetic cross, which results from the self-fertilization or mating of individuals from the F1 generation.
Gentoype
the genetic makeup of an organism
Gentoypic Ratio
The proportion of various genotypes in a population or the children of a genetic cross
Hardy-Weinberg
a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Incomplete Dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
Monohybrid Cross
the genes from two parents are “mixed” together (by sexual reproduction) in order to examine the resulting inheritance of one specific gene or trait.
P (Parental) Generation
the first set of parents crossed.
Phentoype
the observable physical properties of an organism
Phentoypic Ratio
a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another
Polygenc Inheritance
genetic inheritance patterns which are controlled by more than one gene.
Population
all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves
Ratio
a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another
Variation
the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors
