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Biology > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity (LD) > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity (LD) Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

molecules that combine to form proteins

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3
Q

Anticodon

A

a triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.

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4
Q

Cell Types

A

eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region

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5
Q

Cell Differentiation

A

The process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body.

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6
Q

Chromsone

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

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7
Q

Codon

A

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

a pyrimidine base C4H5N3O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA.

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10
Q

Deoxyribose

A

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule.

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11
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

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12
Q

Double Helix

A

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough)

A

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

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14
Q

Enzyme

A

a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein.

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15
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid).

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17
Q

Guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

18
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom.

19
Q

mRNA

A

A type of RNA found in cells. Messenger RNA

20
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

21
Q

NItrgoenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

22
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

23
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

24
Q

Nucleotide

A

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

25
Q

Nucleus

A

the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.

26
Q

Peptide Bond

A

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).

27
Q

Phosphate Group

A

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

28
Q

Polypeptides

A

a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

29
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

the process that cells use to create proteins.

30
Q

Ribose

A

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

31
Q

Ribosome

A

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins.

32
Q

RNA

A

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

33
Q

rRNA

A

a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid

34
Q

Start Codon

A

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

35
Q

Stop Codon

A

a sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

36
Q

Thymine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.

37
Q

Transcription

A

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

38
Q

Translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

39
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

40
Q

Uracil

A

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA.

41
Q

Vesicle

A

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

Biology (7 decks)

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