Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

the union of two gametes

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined charac- teristic or quality that distinguishes somebody

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a form of dominance in the heterozygous condition wherein the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the comparison of genetic information, the frequency

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 17

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

No mutation. No new alleles are generated by mutation, nor are genes duplicated or deleted.

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait

Question 21

P (parental) generation

Answer 21

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes

Question 25

population

Answer 25

a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

a comparison in terms of a quotient of two numbers a and b, usually written as ab or a/b

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits