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Biology Madi Smith > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

Mrs.Hagood 4th MSS

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1
Q

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

A

adenine

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2
Q

molecules that combine to form proteins

A

amino acid

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3
Q

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

A

anticodon

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4
Q

eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region

A

cell types

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5
Q

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

A

cell differentiation

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6
Q

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

A

chromosome

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7
Q

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

A

codon

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8
Q

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

A

cytosine

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10
Q

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

A

deoxyribose

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11
Q

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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12
Q

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

A

double helix

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13
Q

The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins.

A

endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

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13
Q

a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein

A

enzyme

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14
Q

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

A

gene

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15
Q

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid)

A

Golgi apparatus

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16
Q

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

A

guanine

17
Q

a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom

A

hydrogen bond

18
Q

A type of RNA found in cells

A

mRNA

19
Q

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

A

mutation

20
Q

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

A

nitrogenous base

21
Q

a double membrane enclosing a cell nucleus and having its outer part continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

A

nuclear membrane

22
Q

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

A

nucleic acid

23
Q

organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate

A

nucleotide

24
Q

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

A

nucleus

25
Q

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

A

peptide bond

26
Q

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond)

A

phosphate group

27
Q

a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

A

polypeptides

28
Q

the process that cells use to create proteins

A

protein synthesis

29
Q

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

A

ribose

30
Q

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins.

A

ribosome

31
Q

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses

A

RNA

32
Q

part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell

A

rRNA

33
Q

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

A

start codon

34
Q

a pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms

A

thymine

35
Q

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein

A

stop codon

36
Q

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

A

transcription

37
Q

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

translation

38
Q

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

A

tRNA

39
Q

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

A

uracil

40
Q

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer

A

vesicle

Biology Madi Smith (7 decks)

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