Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 1

adenine

Question 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Answer 2

amino acid

Question 3

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

Answer 3

anticodon

Question 4

eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region

Answer 4

cell types

Question 5

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

Answer 5

cell differentiation

Question 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

Answer 6

chromosome

Question 7

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

Answer 7

codon

Question 8

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 9

cytosine

Question 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

Answer 10

deoxyribose

Question 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Answer 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 12

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

Answer 12

double helix

Question 13

The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins.

Answer 13

endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Question 13

a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein

Answer 13

enzyme

Question 14

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Answer 14

gene

Question 15

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid)

Answer 15

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 16

guanine

Question 17

a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom

Answer 17

hydrogen bond

Question 18

A type of RNA found in cells

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Answer 19

mutation

Question 20

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Answer 20

nitrogenous base

Question 21

a double membrane enclosing a cell nucleus and having its outer part continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

nuclear membrane

Question 22

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

Answer 22

nucleic acid

Question 23

organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate

Answer 23

nucleotide

Question 24

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Answer 24

nucleus

Question 25

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Answer 25

peptide bond

Question 26

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond)

Answer 26

phosphate group

Question 27

a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Answer 27

polypeptides

Question 28

the process that cells use to create proteins

Answer 28

protein synthesis

Question 29

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

Answer 29

ribose

Question 30

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins.

Answer 30

ribosome

Question 31

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell

Answer 32

rRNA

Question 33

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

Answer 33

start codon

Question 34

a pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms

Answer 34

thymine

Question 35

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein

Answer 35

stop codon

Question 36

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Answer 36

transcription

Question 37

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 37

translation

Question 38

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

Answer 38

tRNA

Question 39

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

Answer 39

uracil

Question 40

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer

Answer 40

vesicle