Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Answer 1

Autotroph

Question 2

the process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP

Answer 2

Light reaction

Question 3

a pigment that gives plants their green color

Answer 3

Chlorophyll

Question 4

A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow

Answer 5

Calvin cycle

Question 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions

Answer 6

Electron Transport Chain

Question 7

represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Answer 7

NADPH

Question 8

any coloured material found in a plant or animal cell

Answer 8

Pigment

Question 9

a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells

Answer 9

Granum

Question 10

a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange

Answer 10

Stomata

Question 11

the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms

Answer 11

Carbon Fixation

Question 12

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Answer 12

Heterotrophs

Question 13

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell

Answer 13

Thylakoids

Question 14

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 14

Carotenoids

Question 15

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane

Answer 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Answer 16

Aerobic respiration

Question 17

an enzyme catalysed, metabolic process whereby organisms convert starch or sugar to alcohol or an acid anaerobically releasing energy

Answer 17

Fermentation

Question 18

a coenzyme molecule involved in a number of important biological processes such as the transport of high-energy electrons for the production of ATP via aerobic respiration

Answer 18

NAD+

Question 19

a biological method wherein the sugar gets transformed into carbon dioxide and alcohol

Answer 19

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 20

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

Answer 20

Glycolysis

Question 20

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)

Answer 20

NADH

Question 21

occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration

Answer 21

Anaerobic respiration

Question 22

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP,

Answer 22

Cellular respiration

Question 23

present in every cell that uses oxygen to produce energy

Answer 23

Krebs cycle

Question 24

an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis

Answer 24

Pyruvic acid

Question 25

an organic compound with the skeletal formula HOC(CO 2H)(CH 2CO 2H) 2

Answer 25

Citric acid

Question 26

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Answer 26

ATP

Question 27

a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy

Answer 27

ADP