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Biology Madi Smith > Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

MSS Mrs.hagood 4th

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1
Q

One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome.

A

allele

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2
Q

The region of the chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during cell division

A

centromere

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3
Q

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

A

chromatid

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4
Q

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

A

chromosome

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5
Q

helps us to identify which codons specify which amino acids

A

codon (chart)

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6
Q

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis)

A

crossing over

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7
Q

the cells that are formed after cell division

A

daughter cell

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8
Q

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA

A

deletion

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8
Q

the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

A

diploid

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9
Q

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

A

DNA

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9
Q

the union of two gametes

A

fertilization

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10
Q

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

A

frameshift

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11
Q

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

A

gamete

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12
Q

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

A

gene

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13
Q

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different

A

gene mutation

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14
Q

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.

A

genetic code

15
Q

presence of differences in sequences of genes

A

genetic variation

16
Q

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

A

haploid

17
Q

one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, chromosomal length, and centromere location

A

homologous chromosome

18
Q

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

A

independent assortment

19
Q

a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

A

insertion

20
Q

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

A

meiosis

21
Q

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

A

meiosis I

22
Q

a mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis I

A

meiosis II

22
Q

the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

A

monosomy

23
Q

a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations

A

mutagen

23
Q

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

A

mutation

24
Q

the failure of the chromosomes to separate

A

nondisjunction

25
Q

the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction

A

offspring

26
Q

A cell that is the source of other cells

A

parent cell

27
Q

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide

A

point mutation

28
Q

the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells

A

replication

29
Q

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

A

sexual reproduction

30
Q

cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

A

somatic cell

31
Q

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

A

substitution

32
Q

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells

A

trisomy

33
Q

a specific characteristic of an individual.

A

trait

Biology Madi Smith (7 decks)

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