Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome.

Answer 1

allele

Question 2

The region of the chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during cell division

Answer 2

centromere

Question 3

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

Answer 3

chromatid

Question 4

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

Answer 4

chromosome

Question 5

helps us to identify which codons specify which amino acids

Answer 5

codon (chart)

Question 6

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis)

Answer 6

crossing over

Question 7

the cells that are formed after cell division

Answer 7

daughter cell

Question 8

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA

Answer 8

deletion

Question 8

the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

Answer 8

diploid

Question 9

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Answer 9

DNA

Question 9

the union of two gametes

Answer 9

fertilization

Question 10

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

Answer 10

frameshift

Question 11

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Answer 11

gamete

Question 12

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Answer 12

gene

Question 13

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different

Answer 13

gene mutation

Question 14

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.

Answer 14

genetic code

Question 15

presence of differences in sequences of genes

Answer 15

genetic variation

Question 16

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

Answer 16

haploid

Question 17

one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, chromosomal length, and centromere location

Answer 17

homologous chromosome

Question 18

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Answer 18

independent assortment

Question 19

a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

Answer 19

insertion

Question 20

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

Answer 20

meiosis

Question 21

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Answer 21

meiosis I

Question 22

a mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis I

Answer 22

meiosis II

Question 22

the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

Answer 22

monosomy

Question 23

a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations

Answer 23

mutagen

Question 23

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Answer 23

mutation

Question 24

the failure of the chromosomes to separate

Answer 24

nondisjunction

Question 25

the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction

Answer 25

offspring

Question 26

A cell that is the source of other cells

Answer 26

parent cell

Question 27

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide

Answer 27

point mutation

Question 28

the process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells

Answer 28

replication

Question 29

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Answer 29

sexual reproduction

Question 30

cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

Answer 30

somatic cell

Question 31

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Answer 31

substitution

Question 32

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body's cells

Answer 32

trisomy

Question 33

a specific characteristic of an individual.

Answer 33

trait