unit 3 list 3

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

the biological process where a single cell splits into two or more new cells, called daughter cells, essentially creating new cells for growth, repair, and reproduction within an organism

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

relating to changes, especially heritable changes, in the characteristics of a cell or organism that result from altered gene expression or other effects not involving changes to the DNA sequence itself

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a characteristic or quality that is passed down from parents to offspring and is determined by an individual’s DNA

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female)

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

male reproductive cell

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

refers to the 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes in most human cells, and the genes located on those chromosomes

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a genetic phenomenon that occurs when one allele of a gene completely masks the effect of another allele

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

F1

Answer 13

the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types

Question 14

F2

Answer 14

the second generation of offspring resulting from cross-breeding

Question 15

genotypic ratio

Answer 15

the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next

Question 18

incomplete dominance

Answer 18

a genetic phenomenon where two alleles blend to create a new phenotype in offspring, rather than one allele being completely dominant over the other

Question 19

monohybrid cross

Answer 19

hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

the first in any genetic cross pollination experiment

Question 21

phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

a numerical comparison of the relative frequency of different phenotypes in the offspring of a genetic cross

Question 22

polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes

Question 23

population

Answer 23

all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country

Question 24

ratio

Answer 24

the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other

Question 25

variation

Answer 25

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits