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biology sawyer horvath > unit 3 list 1 > Flashcards

unit 3 list 1 Flashcards

1
Q

adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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2
Q

amino acid

A

molecules that combine to form proteins

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3
Q

anticodon

A

a sequence of three nucleotides found in transfer RNA (tRNA), which recognizes and binds to a specific codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during the process of protein synthesis

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4
Q

cell types

A

the basic functional units of an organism

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5
Q

cell differentiation

A

which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach

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6
Q

chromosome

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

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7
Q

codon

A

DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

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9
Q

cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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10
Q

deoxyribose

A

a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid

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11
Q

DNA

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

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12
Q

double helix

A

describes the appearance of double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

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14
Q

enzyme

A

a biological catalyst that is usually a protein but could be RNA

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15
Q

gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

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17
Q

guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

19
Q

mRNA

A

a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis

20
Q

mutation

A

is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

23
Q

nucleic acid

A

long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides

24
Q

nucleotide

A

a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group

25
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

26
Q

peptide bond

A

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

27
Q

phosphate group

A

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

28
Q

polypeptides

A

a chain of amino acids

29
Q

protein synthesis

A

the process that cells use to create proteins

30
Q

ribose

A

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

31
Q

ribosome

A

an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein

32
Q

RNA

A

a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA

33
Q

rRNA

A

molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

34
Q

start codon

A

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

35
Q

stop codon

A

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein

36
Q

thymine

A

one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T

37
Q

transcription

A

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence

38
Q

translation

A

the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule

39
Q

tRNA

A

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

40
Q

uracil

A

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

41
Q

vesicle

A

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid

biology sawyer horvath (6 decks)

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