unit 3 list 1

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

a sequence of three nucleotides found in transfer RNA (tRNA), which recognizes and binds to a specific codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during the process of protein synthesis

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

describes the appearance of double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

a biological catalyst that is usually a protein but could be RNA

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

a chain of amino acids

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

the process that cells use to create proteins

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid