unit 3 lecture 2

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

consist of a cell body (soma) – keep neuron healthy

• neurons receive messages via dendrites – travel to axon hillock – chemical reaction occurs,
• chemical reaction continues to axon terminals – stimulates the release of neuro transmitters – react with dendrites of other neurons

Question 2

Motor vs sensory neurons

Answer 2

Sensory – deliver messages to the brain,

Motor – via spinal coord – movements

Question 3

glial cells

Answer 3

waste removal – 10x more glial than neurons in brain.

Question 4

myelin

Answer 4

insolates axons so activity moves faster

Question 5

insolates axons so activity moves faster

Answer 5

myelin

Question 6

a debilitating neurological disorder that produces a range of symptons

Answer 6

MS

Question 7

Electrostatic gradient

Answer 7

– the inside and outside of the neuron have different charges

Question 8

– the inside and outside of the neuron have different charges

Answer 8

Electrostatic gradient

Question 9

Concentration gradient

Answer 9

there are different types of ions dominating the inside vs outside of the neurons

Question 10

there are different types of ions dominating the inside vs outside of the neurons

Answer 10

Concentration gradient

Question 11

When stimulated a neurons ion channels open and positive ions rush in and may result in neuron firing (generating an a

Answer 11

action potential

Question 12

Hyperpolarization

Answer 12

– occurs and the neuron is more negatively charged than before the action potential – this means the neuron is briefly unable to fire which is a phase called the refractory period

Question 13

– occurs and the neuron is more negatively charged than before the action potential – this means the neuron is briefly unable to fire which is a phase called the refractory period

Answer 13

Hyperpolarization

Question 14

Synapse

Answer 14

once the action potential reaches an axon terminal it stimulates the release of neuro transmitters into a gap beteween the axon terminal and the dendrite of a adjacent terminal – gap called the synapse

Question 15

once the action potential reaches an axon terminal it stimulates the release of neuro transmitters into a gap beteween the axon terminal and the dendrite of a adjacent terminal – gap called the synapse

Answer 15

Synapse

Question 16

Presynaptic cell sends the message, postsynaptic

Answer 16

receives the message

Question 17

Excitatory neurotransmitters –

Answer 17

increase the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be less negative

Question 18

increase the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be less negative

Answer 18

Excitatory neurotransmitters –

Question 19

Neural firing

Answer 19

inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be more negative

Question 20

inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be more negative

Answer 20

Neural firing

Question 21

All or none principle

Answer 21

a neuron either generates an action poptential or doesn’t generate one, but the magnitude of the action potential is the same every time – a neuron can represent higher intensity stimulation by firing more frequently over time

Question 22

glutamate gamma-amino butyric acid, acetylcholine

Answer 22

Common neurotransmitters

Question 23

Drugs effects

Answer 23

neural activity

Question 24

The endocrine system

Answer 24

hormones from endocrine glands and enter the bodys blood stream – modify psychological processes and maintain body homeostasis

Question 25

Hypothalamus

Answer 25

sends messages to pituitary gland about the body’s needs

Question 26

Adrenal glands

Answer 26

stimulates production of hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine that generates arousal responses

Question 27

Endorphins

Answer 27

natural painkillers produced by the endocrine system that can generate feelings of euphoria

Question 28

Nervous system

Answer 28

central (cns) (brain and spinal coord) peripheral nervous system (pns) (rst of body to brain)

Question 29

Two subdivisions of nervous system

Answer 29

1) Somatic nervous system – consists of nerves that control the muscles and others that receive signals from sensory organs
2) Autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic – generates heightened arousal to preparwe the body to respond to threats
Parasympathetic – maintains balance in body systems when there is no need to respond to a threat and suppresses arousal responses after a state of heightened arousal