chapter 1 lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Any science including psychology stems from 2 key beliefs

A

1) Empiricism – knowledge must come from experience and observation
2) Determinism – all events are controlled by natural laws of cause and effect (ie genes, society raised in, other factors that control psychology)

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2
Q

1) Empiricism

A

knowledge must come from experience and observation

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3
Q

knowledge must come from experience and observation

A

1) Empiricism

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4
Q

2) Determinism

A

all events are controlled by natural laws of cause and effect (ie genes, society raised in, other factors that control psychology)

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5
Q

all events are controlled by natural laws of cause and effect (ie genes, society raised in, other factors that control psychology)

A

2) Determinism

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6
Q

Materialism:

A

the idea that the universe consists of only physical matter (including humans) and all events that occur in the universe are caused by natural forces (including human behaviour)
-people became more comforatable studying psychology as a science by blending them with biology and physics

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7
Q

the idea that the universe consists of only physical matter (including humans) and all events that occur in the universe are caused by natural forces (including human behaviour)
-people became more comforatable studying psychology as a science by blending them with biology and physics

A

Materialism:

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8
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

founded the field of pyscho physics when he wrote a book about it in 1860

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9
Q

founded the field of pyscho physics when he wrote a book about it in 1860

A

Gustav Fechner

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10
Q

Charles Darwin

A

– theory of evolution by natural selection opened the door for humans to be the objects of science

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11
Q

– theory of evolution by natural selection opened the door for humans to be the objects of science

A

Charles Darwin

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12
Q

Francis gall and johann spurzheim

A

founders of phrenology

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13
Q

Sigmund freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis – connect psychological problems to unconscious
—- relies on various methods including hypnosis and dream interpretation to reveal the unconscious basis of mental illness

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14
Q

founder of psychoanalysis – connect psychological problems to unconscious
—- relies on various methods including hypnosis and dream interpretation to reveal the unconscious basis of mental illness

A

Sigmund freud

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15
Q

Wilhelm wundt

A

father of experimental psychology – research relied on the technique of introspection (thinking about and describing ones own experience)

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16
Q

father of experimental psychology – research relied on the technique of introspection (thinking about and describing ones own experience)

A

Wilhelm wundt

17
Q

Edward Titchener

A

brought wundts approach to north America and called it structuralismStructuralists focused on revealing the component parts of perception

18
Q

brought wundts approach to north America and called it structuralismStructuralists focused on revealing the component parts of perception

A

Edward Titchener

19
Q

William james

A

published the principles of psychology in 1890, inspired Darwin, developed an approach to psychology called functionalism

20
Q

published the principles of psychology in 1890, inspired Darwin, developed an approach to psychology called functionalism

A

William james

21
Q

Early 1900s, a new approach to psychology emerged that tried to stamp out both functionalism and structuralism

A

Behaviorism – proceeded to dominate psychology for decades

22
Q

Classical conditioning

A

ie pavlov (dogs salivate at bel

23
Q

John b Watson

A

founder of behaviourism – proposed all behaviour was learned

24
Q

founder of behaviourism – proposed all behaviour was learned

A

John b Watson

25
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

gave behaviourism a further jolt with his demonstrations of operant conditions in animals (pigeons and rats)

26
Q

gave behaviourism a further jolt with his demonstrations of operant conditions in animals (pigeons and rats)

A

B.F. Skinner

27
Q

Carl rogers

A

helped found humanistic psychology in direct opposition to the rigid approach to psychology developed by the behaviourists

28
Q

helped found humanistic psychology in direct opposition to the rigid approach to psychology developed by the behaviourists

A

Carl rogers

29
Q

Hermann Ebbinghous

A

developed technique on investigating human memory

30
Q

developed technique on investigating human memory

A

Hermann Ebbinghous

31
Q

sir Frederick Bartlett

A

precess of remembering that challenged behaviorist approach

32
Q

precess of remembering that challenged behaviorist approach

A

sir Frederick Bartlett

33
Q

Gestalt psychologists

A

first attacked structuralists for thinking that perception could be boiled down to a consideration of basic perceptual elements

34
Q

In 1968 Ulrich neissser

A

published a book called cognitive psychology helping kick off the cognitive revolution
By the 1970s, a blend of cognitive psychology and neurology emerged called cognitive neuroscience
Social and personality psychology came as a result of people in world wars
Cross cultural psychology came from the role of culture on the psychology of individuals