unit 2 lecture 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Case studies
in depth reports about specific cases
in depth reports about specific cases
Case studies
Naturalistic observations
observing participants in real world contexts and taking a record of their behaviour
observing participants in real world contexts and taking a record of their behaviour
Naturalistic observations
Surveys/questionnaires
involves having individuals provide answers to a series of questions
involves having individuals provide answers to a series of questions
Surveys/questionnaires
Correlational research
provides a measure of the degree of association between two variables
Positive correlation
when higher values on one variable tend to co-occur with lower values on another
Positive correlations generate correlation co efficients of 0-1.00
Negative correlations generate correlation co efficients of 0- -1.00
Strong correlations between variables (whether positive or negative) do not mean that there is a causal relationship between the two variables
Casual direction problem
example: does curly cause fun or fun cause curlier hair
example: does curly cause fun or fun cause curlier hair
Casual direction problem
The third variable problem
potential variable that causes both curlier hair and more fun
potential variable that causes both curlier hair and more fun
The third variable problem
Experiments
– uniquely designed to provide answers about the casual relationships between variables… they have this advantage because they involve direct manipulation of one or more variables
Random assignment
to experimental conditions (curled vs not curled) helps to ensure that participants in the two groups are roughly equal on all other important characteristics
Confounding variables
– variables that differ between experimental conditions other than the one that the experimenter seeks to manipulate (bad to have these in experiment)
– variables that differ between experimental conditions other than the one that the experimenter seeks to manipulate (bad to have these in experiment)
Confounding variables
Independent variables
variable(s) being manipulated in an experiment
variable(s) being manipulated in an experiment
Independent variables
Dependant variable(
being measured in an experiment
being measured in an experiment
Dependant variable(
Experimental conditions
the one involving some active treatment such as administration of a drug, providing some sort of therapy or curling their hair
the one involving some active treatment such as administration of a drug, providing some sort of therapy or curling their hair
Experimental conditions
Control condition –
the one involving no active treatment but that is used as a basis for comparison such as administration of a placebo, giving them some sham type of therapy or playing with their hair without curling it
the one involving no active treatment but that is used as a basis for comparison such as administration of a placebo, giving them some sham type of therapy or playing with their hair without curling it
Control condition –
