Unit 3 Keywords Flashcards
Market analysis
The process of collecting information about the market the business is operating in, in order to create effective objectives to ensure success.
Price elasticity of demand (PED)
Measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in price
Income elasticity of demand
Measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in customer income
Normal goods
These have a positive income elasticity of demand and there is a shift to the left in the demand curve. This means as incomes rise, so does the demand at each price (e.g clothing, household appliances)
Recession
A fall in real GDP for two consecutive periods of 6 months. There is a large decline in economic activity across an economy (e.g. real income goes down as does retail sales and industrial output)
Income tax
A percentage of their earnings a person pays to the government to fund public service such as education.
Sales forecast
A prediction of sales revenue based on the historical number of sales made and current market research and trends
Sales forecasting
The process of predicting what a business’s future sales will be.
Budget
An estimate of income and expenditure for a business covering a set period of time
Moving average
One of a succession of averages of data, where each average is calculated by successfully shifting the interval by the same period of time
Line of best fit
A line that goes roughly through the middle of all the scatter points on a scatter graph. The closer the points are to the line of best fit, the stronger the correlation.
Time-series analysis
A method that allows a business to predict future levels of sales from past figures.
Budget
An estimate of income and expenditure for a business covering a set period of time.
Variances
The difference between the budgeted amount and the actual amount for each item in a budget.
Current assets
Cash or other assets that can be converted into cash within 12 months.
Working capital
The cash needed to pay for the day to day operation of the business.
Current liabilities
The amounts due to be paid out within 12 months
Working capital cycle
The period of time between the point at which cash is first spent on the production of a product and the collection of cash from the customer.
Capital employed
Money that is invested into the business e.g. the share capital, retained earnings and long term borrowings of a business.
Depreciation
An amount deducted from the original cost of and asset to take into account the wear and tear in it’s use over time
Liquidity
A measure of the extent to which a business has cash to meet it’s immediate and short term obligations, or assets that can be quickly converted into cash to do this
Return on capital employed (ROCE)
A financial ratio measuring what returns (profits) the business has made on the resources available to it