Unit 3: Human Physiology Flashcards
Mouth - Function
Teeth grind up food PD.
Salivary glands make saliva that lunricates food and breaks down starch CD.
Esophagus Structure
Long muscular tube
Esophagus function
Food travels from mouth to stomach using peristalsis PD
Stomach structure
Muscular J shapes organ with 3 layers of muscle
Stomach Function
Churns food PD. Mixes food together with acid and pepsin which starts to digest protien CD
Liver structure
Largest organ of the body
Liver function
Produces bile which emulsified fat CD. Breaks down toxins that are absorbed by the digestive system CD.
Gall bladder structure
Small organ attached to the liver.
What is the gallbladder connected to?
The duodenum and is connected by the bile duct
Gallbladder function
Stores bile which is part of CD
Pancreas structure
Small organ between stomach and duodenum. Connected to stomach via the pancreatic duct
Pancreas function
Creates and secretes digestive enzymes including trypsin CD. Secretes bicarbonate ions to neutralize acidic chyme CD
Small intestine structure
7m long tube consisting of duodenum, jejunem and illium. Very high surface area because of villi and microvilli
Small intestine function
Primary site of Complete digestion as well as absorption of nutrients CD. Digested food diffuses through villi to bloodstream.
Large intestine structure
Thick tube (8cm diameter) consists of Cecum Colon rectum and anus
Large intestine function
Reabsorbs water from other leftover indigestible material CD. Has bacteria that further digests and allows the absorption of certain nutrients and vitamins CD
Mouth - Structure
Contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands
Amylase where it’s active and produced
Active in mouth and small intestine. Produced in salivary glands and pancreas
Amylase function
Breaks down starches into monosaccharides
Pepsin produced and active
Active and produced in stomach
Pepsin function
Breaks down protiens in to polypeptides
Bile active and produced
Active in small intestine produced by liver
Bile function.
Emulsified fat to increase SA and increase digestion
Secretin active and produced
Active in liver and pancreas and produced in small intestine