Grade 10 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Any organism whose cell contains organelles. Some eukaryotic organisms are single celled while others are multicellular

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surrounds cells and organelles. Has embedded proteins that may be integral or peripheral. Controls movement of materials in and out of cell. Selectively permeable. Parts are always moving fluid to allow the proteins to function.

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3
Q

Cell wall

A

Found in plants, fungi and small Protists. Adds strength and rigidity to cells. Helps cell survive changes in water circulation

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4
Q

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

A

Region between cell membrane and nucleus. Is gel like. Where the organelles are suspended. Provides area for diffusion and active transport. Contains water and minerals

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Animals- near cell centre. Plants- usually pushed to one side. Is the command centre for all metabolic reactions. Contains DNA(chromosomes) that control protein synthesis.

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6
Q

Nucleolus

A

Found inside nucleus. Produces ribosomes for protein synthesis

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7
Q

Microtubules and micro filaments

A

Found in cilia, flagella, centrioles and spindle fibers. They form the cytoskeleton which anchor organelles in place. Supports cell membrane. Forms tracks which along organelles move

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8
Q

Centrioles

A

Animal cells only. Close to nucleus. Found as a pair called the centrosome. Forms the astral rays and spindle fibers used during mitosis

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9
Q

Plastids

A

Plant cells and some bacteria and Protists. Photosynthesis occurs in specialized compartments. Stores starches and fats.

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10
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Only found in grana of chloroplast. Gives a green pigment. Traps light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

Found in nucleus. DNA carries the genetic code needed to determine protein structure.

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12
Q

Types of plastids

A

Chloroplasts
Amyoplasts
Leucoplasts
Chromoplasts

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13
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis in green plants.

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14
Q

Amyoplasts

A

White/colourless. Stores starch. In potatoes and carrots

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15
Q

Leucoplasts

A

White/colourless. Stores starch. In a banana

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16
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Red/orange/yellow. Found in flowers fruits and veggies

17
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Continues from the outer membrane of the nuclear membrane. System of sacs and tubes

18
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes. Has enzyme that processes hormones that make phospholipids for the cell membrane.

19
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes attached. Processes protiens and sends them to Golgi body to be packaged. Provides large surface areas for chemical reactions

20
Q

Ribosomes

A

Found free in cytoplasm or may be attached to ER. Makes proteins composed of r RNA in 2 units. The small and large sub units.

21
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Flat membrane bound sacs and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Receives vesicles from the ER. Enzymes modify protiens and lipids Packages them for transport.

22
Q

Mitochondria

A

Scattered in cytoplasm. They are kidney bean shaped. Breaks down organic molecules to produce energy. POWERHOUSE. Makes ATP

23
Q

Lysosomes

A

Found in cytoplasm. Formed by golgis. Contains a digestive enzyme that breaks down warn out cells or cell parts

24
Q

Vacuole

A

Membrane bound fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm. Stores food water waste minerals and dissolved gasses. In plants it supports the cell wall. Some plants have toxins stored in there’s that make the plant taste bad to animals

25
Q

Prokaryote

A

A single called organism that does not have membrane bound organelles