Grade 10 Review Flashcards
Eukaryotes
Any organism whose cell contains organelles. Some eukaryotic organisms are single celled while others are multicellular
Cell membrane
Surrounds cells and organelles. Has embedded proteins that may be integral or peripheral. Controls movement of materials in and out of cell. Selectively permeable. Parts are always moving fluid to allow the proteins to function.
Cell wall
Found in plants, fungi and small Protists. Adds strength and rigidity to cells. Helps cell survive changes in water circulation
Cytoplasm (cytosol)
Region between cell membrane and nucleus. Is gel like. Where the organelles are suspended. Provides area for diffusion and active transport. Contains water and minerals
Nucleus
Animals- near cell centre. Plants- usually pushed to one side. Is the command centre for all metabolic reactions. Contains DNA(chromosomes) that control protein synthesis.
Nucleolus
Found inside nucleus. Produces ribosomes for protein synthesis
Microtubules and micro filaments
Found in cilia, flagella, centrioles and spindle fibers. They form the cytoskeleton which anchor organelles in place. Supports cell membrane. Forms tracks which along organelles move
Centrioles
Animal cells only. Close to nucleus. Found as a pair called the centrosome. Forms the astral rays and spindle fibers used during mitosis
Plastids
Plant cells and some bacteria and Protists. Photosynthesis occurs in specialized compartments. Stores starches and fats.
Chlorophyll
Only found in grana of chloroplast. Gives a green pigment. Traps light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis
Chromatin
Found in nucleus. DNA carries the genetic code needed to determine protein structure.
Types of plastids
Chloroplasts
Amyoplasts
Leucoplasts
Chromoplasts
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis in green plants.
Amyoplasts
White/colourless. Stores starch. In potatoes and carrots
Leucoplasts
White/colourless. Stores starch. In a banana
Chromoplasts
Red/orange/yellow. Found in flowers fruits and veggies
Endoplasmic reticulum
Continues from the outer membrane of the nuclear membrane. System of sacs and tubes
Smooth ER
No ribosomes. Has enzyme that processes hormones that make phospholipids for the cell membrane.
Rough ER
Ribosomes attached. Processes protiens and sends them to Golgi body to be packaged. Provides large surface areas for chemical reactions
Ribosomes
Found free in cytoplasm or may be attached to ER. Makes proteins composed of r RNA in 2 units. The small and large sub units.
Golgi apparatus
Flat membrane bound sacs and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Receives vesicles from the ER. Enzymes modify protiens and lipids Packages them for transport.
Mitochondria
Scattered in cytoplasm. They are kidney bean shaped. Breaks down organic molecules to produce energy. POWERHOUSE. Makes ATP
Lysosomes
Found in cytoplasm. Formed by golgis. Contains a digestive enzyme that breaks down warn out cells or cell parts
Vacuole
Membrane bound fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm. Stores food water waste minerals and dissolved gasses. In plants it supports the cell wall. Some plants have toxins stored in there’s that make the plant taste bad to animals
