Unit 3 Flashcards (PART 2)
Civil Rights
protections for individuals from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, sex, and other characteristics, ensuring equal treatment under the law.
Securing Rights for Those with Disabilities
Securing civil rights requires action, both on the part of individuals to advocate for their rights and on the part of government to secure and protect those rights.
The ADA offered protections for Americans with disabilities against discrimination in the workplace and improved their access to public transportation, public services, and other areas and public and commercial life.
Thirteenth Amendment
an amendment to the Constitution passed in 1865 prohibiting slavery within the United States.
Fourteenth Amendment
an amendment to the Constitution passed in 1868 granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and placing restrictions on stage laws that sought to abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States
Equal Protection Clause
clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that has been used to protect the civil rights of Americans from discrimination based on race, national origin, religioon, gendr, and other characteristics
Fifteenth Amendment
an amendment to the Constitution passed in 1870 granting voting rights to African American men
Plessy v. Ferguson
jim crow laws, “separate but equal” , 7 / 8ths caucasian
Separate but Equal
the doctrine that racial segregation was constitutional so long ad the facilities for black people and white people were equal
Legal Segregation
the separation by law of individuals based on their race
De Jure Segregation
the separation of individuals based on their characteristics, such as race, by law.
De Facto Segregation
a separation of individuals based on characteristics that arises not by law but because of other factors, such as residential housing patterns,
Affirmative Action
a policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing special consideration to individuals based upon their characteristics, such as race or gender.
Brown v. Board of Education (AP REQUIRED)
supreme court ruled that de jure racial segregation vioates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Had to be implemented
The Supreme Court overruled the “seprate but equal” doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson and ruled that de jure segregation in schools violates the equal protections clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
To what extent was it successful?
“Letters from A Birmingham Jail”
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. justified the civil rights movement by referring to natural rights.
Civil Disobedience
the inentional regusal to obey a law and to call attention to its injustice.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
legislation outlawing racial segregation in schools and public places and authorizing the attorney general to sue individual school districts that failed to desegregate
Voting Rights Act of 1965
legislation outlawing literacy ests and authorizing the Justice Department to send federal officers to register voters in uncooperative cities, counties, and states.
First and second movements of the women’s rights movment
The first wave of the women’s rights movement focused on the right to vote.
The second wave of the movement focused on equality in education and the workplace.
Gender equality includes legal protections against sexual harassment.
Nineteenth Amendment
a 1920 constututional amendemnt granting women the right to vote
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid, which had the impact of increasing female participation on sports programs.
14th Amendment
“No State shall … deprive any person life life, liberty, or property, without due process of lawl nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
Procedural Due Process : ensures taht legal proceedings are carried out in a fair manner.
6th Amendment
Right to a speedy, public, and impartial jury during trial
Right to know accusers and charges against you
Right to an attorney / legal counsel
4th Amendment
Protects from unreasonable search and seizures without warrant
Exceptions: When probably cause (they need to have good reason) (they can lie about that good reason.) (like, oh my god Ismell alcohol on your breath… that’s my cause… i’ve said the cause so it counts… omg…) of crime exists (readily apparent
Hot pursuit: When can enter home when actively pursuing suspect
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishments
No excessive bail or fines may be given
Timbs v Indiana: Can’t take drug dealers Range Rover for drug dealing charge
Mapp v. Ohio + Created what rule?
Mapp had evidence used against her obtained without a warrant
Sued to have evidence thrown out of court; SCOTUS agreed
Created this: Exclusionary rule: Evidence obtained unconstitutional can’t be used in court
Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda had been accused of rape and was interrogated by police
Confessed to kidnap and murder
Conviction overturned; police must inform of 5th and 6th Amendment rights
Supreme court agreed with him - he was freed
Origin of your Miranda Rights!! Right to remain silent, right to an attorney
Miranda was not a good person - was a rapist
Was stabbed to death
His killer was immediately read his miranda rights
