Unit 2, Chapter 7 (The Federal Bureaucracy)

Question 1

Judicial Checks Against Bureaucracy

Answer 1

Declare bureaucratic regulation unconstitutional
Declare bureaucratic regulation as an ‘unreasonable interpretation of law” (Biden student loan forgiveness plan - heyyy that’s not was federal law meant!)

Question 2

Legislative Checks

Answer 2

Limit bureaucratic discretion (more specific lamnguage in laws)
Limit funding for bureaucratic agencies or initiativ
Congressional oversight hearings: investigate activity and publicie issues

Question 3

Executive Checks

Answer 3

Appoint and replace the heads of bureaucratic agency
“Serve at the pleasure of the president
Internally monitor compliance and use of funds
Influence implementation of policy based on ideology

Question 4

Executive Cabinet and Agencies

Answer 4

Secretary of..

State - Foreign affairs and international relations

Labor - Wage disputes, workpalace safety, workers rights, and unions

Homeland Securiry - Border security, terrorism, cyber security

Treasury - currency, tax collection, economic policy

Transportation - Highways and infrastructure, regulate air and rail travel

Defense - National security and armed forces

Transportation - Highways and infrastructure, etc etc etc

Defense -

Agriculture -

Energy -

Question 5

Iron Triangles

Answer 5

Bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups ally on specific issue // all around ONE KEY ISSUE

Question 6

Interest Groups (iron triangle)

Answer 6

donate to congress and provide research to Bureaucracy

Question 7

Congress (iron triangle)

Answer 7

Passes laws and gives funding to agencies to enforce policy

Question 8

Bureaucracy (iron triangle)

Answer 8

Implement favorable regulations for that policy perspective

Question 9

Commissions

Answer 9

Regulatory group w/ fixed terms appointed by Presidents
To know : FEC - elections , or SEC - stock and bond trading

Question 10

Corporations

Answer 10

Agency established by congress which provides services and is self sufficient (Amtrack - National passenger trains
SELF !! SUFFICENT!! Meaning that you sufficient it

Question 11

Beuracratic Heirarchyh

Answer 11

Cabinet Secretary leads dept. (appoint by Pres - Approved by Sen)
Appointed by Pres - again, the president has to like you. Senate approves if they have at least someee qualifications and skills

Senior Executive: Appointees who temporarily lead agencies

Career Civil Servants: like teachers

Question 12

Jacksonian Era

Answer 12

Bureaucratic appointments based on connection and patronage/loyalty to president
No matter how qualified you are - you have to be on good with the president

Question 13

Modern Era

Answer 13

Appointment based on qualifications, and civil service exam scores (merit based)

Question 14

Bureaucracy

Answer 14

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. A complex organization that has multilayered systems and processes

Question 15

Federal Bureaucracy

Answer 15

the departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation
A powerful player in the American political scene, but it seldom makes the news unless something goes wrong.

Question 16

Bureaucrats

Answer 16

an official employed within a government bureaucracy
The federal bureaucracy regulates much of the nation’s economy and private life

Question 17

Political Patronage

Answer 17

filling of admiistrative positions as a reward for support, rather than merit.

(Andrew Jackson)

Question 18

Pendleton Act (1883)

Answer 18

an act of Congress taht created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and ture of office within the civil service (also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883)
Done bc of increasing demands about the corruption that came with the spoils system
Its task was to draw up and enfornce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service.

Question 19

Federal Civil Service

Answer 19

the merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments. Existed under the new rules of the Pendleton Act

Question 20

merit system

Answer 20

a system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal connections.
Members of the civil service are supposed to behave neutrally

Question 21

Iron Triangle

Answer 21

coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
AP TIP - rion triangles are an important part of the policymaking process. Make sure you understand the beneficial relationships between members of the arrangement.

Question 22

Issue Network

Answer 22

webs of influence between interest groups, policy makers, and policy advocates

Question 23

Implementation

Answer 23

the bureaucracy’s role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed.

Question 24

Bureaucratic Discretion

Answer 24

the power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what congress meant when it passed a law.

Question 25

Regulation

Answer 25

the process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law, to carry out the laws passed by congress.

Question 26

Bureaucratic Adjudication

Answer 26

When the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program.

Question 27

President’s Control of Bureaucraucitrh

Answer 27

PRESIDENT
Formally controls most of the federal bureacracy
Can appont and demote
Face roadblocks in trying to control the day-to-day functions of the bureaucracy,

Question 28

Congress Control of adfbjadfbjjbi

Answer 28

CONGRESS
Can pass legislation creating or terminating agencies and programs, and, through the process of appropriation, has control over the resources of that departments, bureaus, and agencies receive to carry out their tasks.