Unit 3 Exam Lab 11

Question 1

Total Lung Capacity formula

Answer 1

TLC=IRV+ERV+TV+RV

Question 2

Vital Capacity formula

Answer 2

VC=IRV+ERV+TV

Question 3

Functional Residual Capacity formula

Answer 3

FRC=ERV+RV

Question 4

Inspiratory Capacity formula

Answer 4

IC=IRV+TV

Question 5

Tidal volume

Answer 5

Amount of air inhaled per breath during normal breathing

Question 6

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 6

Amount of air that can be inspired above and beyond that can be inhaled during normal breathing

Question 7

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

Maximal amount of air that can be expired following normal breathing

Question 8

Residual volume

Answer 8

Amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expired effort

Question 9

FEV1 and FEV3 normal values

Answer 9

FEV1: 75-85%
FEV3: >97%

Question 10

Female and male normal values

Answer 10

Female: 4.6 liters
Male: 6.0 liters

Question 11

Tidal volume at rest

Answer 11

0.5 liters

Question 12

What is BTPS

Answer 12

Body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated gas

Question 13

The composition of room air:

Answer 13

20.93% O2, 0.04% CO2, and 79% N2

Question 14

Ventilation formula

Answer 14

Ventilation=TVxBR

Question 15

Respiratory control system stimulus

Answer 15

Change in blood levels of CO2 and O2

Question 16

Respiratory control system receptors

Answer 16

Chemoreceptors

Question 17

Respiratory control system afferent pathway

Answer 17

Sensory neurons from chemoreceptors

Question 18

Respiratory control system integrator

Answer 18

Respiratory center in the medulla

Question 19

Respiratory control system Somatic Efferent Pathway

Answer 19

Neurons to diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 20

Respiratory control system Autonomic Efferent Pathway

Answer 20

Sympathetic and parasympathetic to bronchiole smooth muscle

Question 21

Respiratory control system effectors

Answer 21

Bronchiole smooth muscle, diaphragm, intercostal muscles

Question 22

Respiratory control system response

Answer 22

Change in ventilation/breath rate to bring CO2 and O2 levels back to steady states

Question 23

What effects does hyperventilation have on O2 and CO2 blood levels?

Answer 23

No change in blood O2 levels
Decrease in blood CO2 levels

Question 24

What is the effect of hypocapnia on ventilation?

Answer 24

decreases

Question 25

What is the effect of hypercapnia on ventilation?

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

What is the effect of hypoxia on ventilation?

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

What is the effect of hyperoxia on ventilation?

Answer 27

has no effect

Question 28

Typical values for an end-expiratory sample of gas collected following a one minute breathold might be:

Answer 28

5-6% CO2

Question 29

What happens to oxygen levels in the blood during a breath-hold?

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

What happens to carbon dioxide levels in the blood during a breath-hold?

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

Hyperventilation results in _____blood CO2 levels, which ____ breath-hold time, while breath-holding ______ blood CO2 levels resulting in _____ urge to breath.

Answer 31

decreased; increases; increases; an increased

Question 32

The Sympathetic Nervous System _____ smooth muscle contraction, which _____ diameter and _____ airway resistance.

Answer 32

decreases, increases, decreases

Question 33

The Paraympathetic Nervous System _____ smooth muscle contraction, which _____ diameter and _____ airway resistance.

Answer 33

increases, decreases, increases

Question 34

What is the most appropriate type (cholinergic or adrenergic) of agonist and/or antagonist for decreasing airway resistance? Select more than one. Cholingergic Agonists Cholinergic Antagonists Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic Antagonists

Answer 34

Cholinergic Antagonists Adrenergic Agonists

Question 35

Bronchitis cause

Answer 35

inflammation of airways caused by pollution, smoking or chronic infection

Question 36

Asthma cause

Answer 36

inflammatory response accompanied by bronchoconstriction

Question 37

Emphysema cause

Answer 37

smoking (in 90% of all cases) ultimately leading to a loss of surface area and air way collapse especially during exhalation

Question 38

Lung cancer cause

Answer 38

heredity and smoking

Question 39

Bronchitis treatment

Answer 39

remove source of irritation

Question 40

Asthma treatment

Answer 40

anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators

Question 41

Emphysema treatment

Answer 41

stop smoking, supplemental oxygen

Question 42

Lung cancer treatment

Answer 42

surgery

Question 43

In subjects with normal lung function at sea level or moderate altitudes, ___________ has the greatest effect on increasing ventilation.

Answer 43

hypercapnia