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BMS 302 Lab > Unit 2 Exam Lab 7 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

molecule capable of inducing an immune response

A

antigen

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2
Q

bivalent protein formed by B lymphocytes in response to exposure to a foreign substance

A

antibody

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3
Q

interaction of an antigen and antibody (immune complexes)

A

Antigen-Antibody Complex

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4
Q

group of related red blood cell antigens

A

blood group system

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5
Q

transfer of blood from one person to the other

A

transfusion

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6
Q

person receiving blood from transfusion

A

recipient

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7
Q

person giving blood to another in transfusion

A

donor

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8
Q

result of immune complex formed between donor and recipient red blood cells and antibodies

A

transfusion reaction

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9
Q

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, & plasma
OR
Formed elements plus plasma

A

whole blood

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10
Q

Cells only, NO plasma

A

packed cells

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11
Q

Knowing that the immune system reacts against foreign proteins, which of the following would you expect to present no risk of an immunological reaction if it were to be transfused from one mammalian species to another?

A

none of the above (i.e., all should elicit at least some response)

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12
Q

Type A antigen
Type B antigen
Type AB antigen
Type O antigen

A

A
B
A and B
None

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13
Q

Type A antibody
Type B antibody
Type AB antibody
Type O antibody

A

Anti-B b antibody
Anti-A a antibody
Anti-A and Anti-B a and b antibodies
Neither antibodies

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14
Q

Antibodies a and b are called naturally occurring antibodies because:

A
  1. they are the result of natural exposure to substances in our environment during the first few months of our life.
  2. they form naturally in anyone who does not have the corresponding antigen on the surface of their red cells.
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15
Q

True or False:

Naturally occurring antibodies are stimulated by exposure to lipopolysaccharides with a chemical structure similar to that of the A and B antigens.

A

True

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16
Q

If cells to be typed are mixed with Anti-A typing serum and agglutination occurs, what can you conclude about the type of antigen(s) present on the cell’s surface?

A

A antigen

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17
Q

If the cells are mixed with Anti-A typing serum and agglutination does not occur, what conclusion can be made?

A

no A antigen

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18
Q

If cells to be typed are mixed with Anti-B typing serum and agglutination occurs, what can you conclude about type(s) of antigen present on the cell’s surface?

A

B antigen

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19
Q

If the cells are mixed with Anti-B typing serum and agglutination does not occur, what conclusion can be made?

A

no B antigen

20
Q

With respect to the antibodies present, what is the difference between A serum (serum from someone with Type A blood) and Anti-A typing serum?

A serum has:
Anti-A serum has:

A

b antibodies
a antibodies

21
Q

What is the difference between B serum and Anti-B typing serum?

B serum has:
Anti-B serum has:

A

a antibodies
b antibodies

22
Q

Rh antigen
Rh positive
Rh negative

A

-The antigen associated with Rh
-Antigen is present
-Antigen is not present

23
Q

Percentage of Rh positive and negative around the world:

Caucasian
African
Asian

A

85% + and 15% -
95% + and 5% -
100% +

24
Q

If cells to be typed are mixed with Anti-Rh typing serum and agglutination occurs, what conclusion can you make about the antigen(s) present on the cell’s surface?

A

Rh antigen

25
Q

If the cells are mixed with Anti-Rh typing serum and agglutination does not occur, what conclusion can be made?

A

No Rh antigen

26
Q

An Rh negative man is tested and shown to have Rh antibodies. How do you explain this?

A

He received an Rh positive blood transfusion at some time in his life.

27
Q

A Rh negative woman delivers a baby with Rh positive blood. This baby will suffer from erythroblastosis fetalis only if:

A

the mother previously delivered an Rh positive baby and did not receive RhoGam.

28
Q

Which of the following individuals will have Rh antibodies?

A

-an Rh negative individual who has received a transfusion of Rh positive blood

-a Rh negative woman who has delivered a Rh positive child and not received a RhoGam injection

29
Q

Treatment of a Rh negative woman giving birth to a Rh positive baby using RhoGam: (4)

A

-must be done within 72 hours of delivery.

-injects the mother with Rh antibodies that destroy any fetal Rh positive cells before they can cause an immune response.

-prevents the production of Rh antibodies in the mother.

-must be done following the delivery of all Rh positive babies.

30
Q

A child with an AB positive blood type has a mother whose blood type is A negative. The baby’s father blood type is most likely:

A

B positive or AB positive

31
Q

Formed elements and plasma

A

Whole blood

32
Q

Plasma with fibrinogen removed

A

Serum

33
Q

Firbrin and formed elements following coagulation process

A

Clot

34
Q

White cells and platelets

A

Buffy coat

35
Q

Liquid fraction of blood with ant-coagulate added

A

Plasma

36
Q

Red cells, white cells, platelets

A

Formed elements

37
Q

Clumping cells with fibrin/process of blood clotting

A

Coagulation

38
Q

Interaction between antigens and antibodies which leads to clumping

A

Agglutination

39
Q

Blood is drawn into a test tube from a person with Type A blood. After clotting, the cells are discarded and the remaining liquid, which is __________ contains ___________.

A

Serum; b antibodies

40
Q

What are the three rules of blood typing?

A
  1. antigens are on the cell; antibodies are in the serum or plasma
  2. agglutination only occurs in the presence of both the antigen and its corresponding antibody
  3. the antigens on the red blood cell determine the blood type
41
Q

Which of the following combinations of red blood cells and serum would give an agglutination reaction? (The blood samples are from individuals who have never received a blood transfusion or been pregnant.)

A

Type A negative cells with Type B positive serum

42
Q

The following results are observed when unknown cells and serum are mixed with known serum and cells. Determine the ABO blood type of the unknown sample.

Mixture #1: A serum + unknown cells = no agglutination

Mixture #2: B serum + unknown cells = no agglutination

Mixture #3: A cells + unknown serum = agglutination

Mixture #2: B cells + unknown serum = agglutination

A

Type O

Mixture 1: no B antigen

Mixture 2: no A antigen

Mixture 3: a antibody

Mixture 4: b antibody

Conclusion: Type O

43
Q

A person has Type AB blood.. If they recieve a transfusion of whole blood, which of the following donor types could potentially cause an agglutination reaction?

A

Type A
Type B
Type O

44
Q

A person who has Type O blood is referred to as a universal donor. This is not totally accurate because

-a person with type O blood has A and B antigens in the plasma.

-a person with type O blood has a and b antibodies in their plasma.

-cells must be separated from plasma to isolate the antigens from the antibodies, and only plasma may be donated.

-cells must be separated from plasma to isolate the antigens from the antibodies, and only cells may be donated.

A

-a person with type O blood has a and b antibodies in their plasma.

-cells must be separated from plasma to isolate the antigens from the antibodies, and only cells may be donated.

45
Q

Match cells and plasma with antibodies and antigens

A

Cells=antigens
Plasma=antibodies

BMS 302 Lab (8 decks)

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