Unit 2 Exam Lab 7

Question 1

molecule capable of inducing an immune response

Answer 1

antigen

Question 2

bivalent protein formed by B lymphocytes in response to exposure to a foreign substance

Answer 2

antibody

Question 3

interaction of an antigen and antibody (immune complexes)

Answer 3

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Question 4

group of related red blood cell antigens

Answer 4

blood group system

Question 5

transfer of blood from one person to the other

Answer 5

transfusion

Question 6

person receiving blood from transfusion

Answer 6

recipient

Question 7

person giving blood to another in transfusion

Answer 7

donor

Question 8

result of immune complex formed between donor and recipient red blood cells and antibodies

Answer 8

transfusion reaction

Question 9

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, & plasma
OR
Formed elements plus plasma

Answer 9

whole blood

Question 10

Cells only, NO plasma

Answer 10

packed cells

Question 11

Knowing that the immune system reacts against foreign proteins, which of the following would you expect to present no risk of an immunological reaction if it were to be transfused from one mammalian species to another?

Answer 11

none of the above (i.e., all should elicit at least some response)

Question 12

Type A antigen
Type B antigen
Type AB antigen
Type O antigen

Answer 12

A
B
A and B
None

Question 13

Type A antibody
Type B antibody
Type AB antibody
Type O antibody

Answer 13

Anti-B b antibody
Anti-A a antibody
Anti-A and Anti-B a and b antibodies
Neither antibodies

Question 14

Antibodies a and b are called naturally occurring antibodies because:

Answer 14

1. they are the result of natural exposure to substances in our environment during the first few months of our life.
2. they form naturally in anyone who does not have the corresponding antigen on the surface of their red cells.

Question 15

True or False:

Naturally occurring antibodies are stimulated by exposure to lipopolysaccharides with a chemical structure similar to that of the A and B antigens.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

If cells to be typed are mixed with Anti-A typing serum and agglutination occurs, what can you conclude about the type of antigen(s) present on the cell’s surface?

Answer 16

A antigen

Question 17

If the cells are mixed with Anti-A typing serum and agglutination does not occur, what conclusion can be made?

Answer 17

no A antigen

Question 18

If cells to be typed are mixed with Anti-B typing serum and agglutination occurs, what can you conclude about type(s) of antigen present on the cell’s surface?

Answer 18

B antigen

Question 19

If the cells are mixed with Anti-B typing serum and agglutination does not occur, what conclusion can be made?

Answer 19

no B antigen

Question 20

With respect to the antibodies present, what is the difference between A serum (serum from someone with Type A blood) and Anti-A typing serum?

A serum has:
Anti-A serum has:

Answer 20

b antibodies
a antibodies

Question 21

What is the difference between B serum and Anti-B typing serum?

B serum has:
Anti-B serum has:

Answer 21

a antibodies
b antibodies

Question 22

Rh antigen
Rh positive
Rh negative

Answer 22

-The antigen associated with Rh
-Antigen is present
-Antigen is not present

Question 23

Percentage of Rh positive and negative around the world:

Caucasian
African
Asian

Answer 23

85% + and 15% -
95% + and 5% -
100% +

Question 24

If cells to be typed are mixed with Anti-Rh typing serum and agglutination occurs, what conclusion can you make about the antigen(s) present on the cell’s surface?

Answer 24

Rh antigen

Question 25

If the cells are mixed with Anti-Rh typing serum and agglutination does not occur, what conclusion can be made?

Answer 25

No Rh antigen

Question 26

An Rh negative man is tested and shown to have Rh antibodies. How do you explain this?

Answer 26

He received an Rh positive blood transfusion at some time in his life.

Question 27

A Rh negative woman delivers a baby with Rh positive blood. This baby will suffer from erythroblastosis fetalis only if:

Answer 27

the mother previously delivered an Rh positive baby and did not receive RhoGam.

Question 28

Which of the following individuals will have Rh antibodies?

Answer 28

-an Rh negative individual who has received a transfusion of Rh positive blood -a Rh negative woman who has delivered a Rh positive child and not received a RhoGam injection

Question 29

Treatment of a Rh negative woman giving birth to a Rh positive baby using RhoGam: (4)

Answer 29

-must be done within 72 hours of delivery. -injects the mother with Rh antibodies that destroy any fetal Rh positive cells before they can cause an immune response. -prevents the production of Rh antibodies in the mother. -must be done following the delivery of all Rh positive babies.

Question 30

A child with an AB positive blood type has a mother whose blood type is A negative. The baby's father blood type is most likely:

Answer 30

B positive or AB positive

Question 31

Formed elements and plasma

Answer 31

Whole blood

Question 32

Plasma with fibrinogen removed

Answer 32

Serum

Question 33

Firbrin and formed elements following coagulation process

Answer 33

Clot

Question 34

White cells and platelets

Answer 34

Buffy coat

Question 35

Liquid fraction of blood with ant-coagulate added

Answer 35

Plasma

Question 36

Red cells, white cells, platelets

Answer 36

Formed elements

Question 37

Clumping cells with fibrin/process of blood clotting

Answer 37

Coagulation

Question 38

Interaction between antigens and antibodies which leads to clumping

Answer 38

Agglutination

Question 39

Blood is drawn into a test tube from a person with Type A blood. After clotting, the cells are discarded and the remaining liquid, which is __________ contains ___________.

Answer 39

Serum; b antibodies

Question 40

What are the three rules of blood typing?

Answer 40

1. antigens are on the cell; antibodies are in the serum or plasma 2. agglutination only occurs in the presence of both the antigen and its corresponding antibody 3. the antigens on the red blood cell determine the blood type

Question 41

Which of the following combinations of red blood cells and serum would give an agglutination reaction? (The blood samples are from individuals who have never received a blood transfusion or been pregnant.)

Answer 41

Type A negative cells with Type B positive serum

Question 42

The following results are observed when unknown cells and serum are mixed with known serum and cells. Determine the ABO blood type of the unknown sample. Mixture #1: A serum + unknown cells = no agglutination Mixture #2: B serum + unknown cells = no agglutination Mixture #3: A cells + unknown serum = agglutination Mixture #2: B cells + unknown serum = agglutination

Answer 42

Type O Mixture 1: no B antigen Mixture 2: no A antigen Mixture 3: a antibody Mixture 4: b antibody Conclusion: Type O

Question 43

A person has Type AB blood.. If they recieve a transfusion of whole blood, which of the following donor types could potentially cause an agglutination reaction?

Answer 43

Type A Type B Type O

Question 44

A person who has Type O blood is referred to as a universal donor. This is not totally accurate because -a person with type O blood has A and B antigens in the plasma. -a person with type O blood has a and b antibodies in their plasma. -cells must be separated from plasma to isolate the antigens from the antibodies, and only plasma may be donated. -cells must be separated from plasma to isolate the antigens from the antibodies, and only cells may be donated.

Answer 44

-a person with type O blood has a and b antibodies in their plasma. -cells must be separated from plasma to isolate the antigens from the antibodies, and only cells may be donated.

Question 45

Match cells and plasma with antibodies and antigens

Answer 45

Cells=antigens Plasma=antibodies