Unit 2 Exam Lab 5 Flashcards
Protein molecule for insulin binding, activates glucose transporter
insulin receptors
Storage form of glucose/animal starch
glycogen
Low blood glucose levels
hypoglycemia
Elevated glucose levels
hyperglycemia
glycogenesis
Glucose to glycogen
glycogenolysis
Glycogen to glucose
gluconeogenesis
Amino acids and glycerol to glucose
lipogenesis
glucose to lipids
Is lipogenesis a synthetic or degradative process?
Does it mostly occur following a meal or during a fasting state?
Synthetic
Following a meal
Is Glycogenolysis a synthetic or degradative process?
Does it mostly occur following a meal or during a fasting state?
Degradative
During fasting state
Is Glycogenesis a synthetic or degradative process?
Does it mostly occur following a meal or during a fasting state?
Synthetic
Following a meal
Is Lipolysis a synthetic or degradative process?
Does it mostly occur following a meal or during a fasting state?
Degradative
During a fasting state
Is Gluconeogenesis a synthetic or degradative process?
Does it mostly occur following a meal or during a fasting state?
Synthetic
During a fasting state
What two processes reduce blood glucose levels?
Glycogenesis and Lipogenesis
What two processes increases or returns blood glucose to the steady state level?
Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Which three types of cells require the presence of insulin before glucose can be transported across the cell membrane?
Muscle cells, Adipose tissue, and other cells
What cells in the pancreas are responsible for detecting changes (both increases and decreases) in blood glucose levels?
Beta Cells
Which two metabolic processes are stimulated by or require the presence of insulin?
Glycogenesis and Lipogenesis
What does glucagon do?
Increases blood glucose levels
Which two metabolic processes are stimulated by glucagon in the liver?
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
True or false : Only glucagon is released during fasting and only insulin is released following a meal.
False
Which metabolic processes is stimulated by epinephrine?
Glycogenolysis
Hyperglycemia
Glucose remains in the blood because it cannot be transported into cells for use and storage
Glucosuria
Glucose is found in the urine
Polyuria
Large quantities of fluids to be excreted in order to dilute the glucose in urine
Polydipsia
Dehydration and increased thirst
Acidosis
Ketones released for energy results in decreased blood pH
What is Type 1 diabetes characterized by?
Decreased insulin production
What is Type 2 diabetes characterized by?
Decreased insulin receptor or function
Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are characterized by fasting blood glucose levels equal to or above ____%
126%
What is Type 1 diabetes treated with?
Insulin injections
What is Type 2 diabetes treated with?
Diet/exercise or oral medication that increases insulin production
What is a diabetic coma characterized by?
Too little insulin and hyperglycemia
What is diabetic shock characterized by?
Too much insulin and hypoglycemia
What can a diabetic coma be treated with?
Insulin injections
What can diabetic shock be treated with?
Glucose/glucagon injections
What is normal fasting blood glucose levels?
60-110 mg%
When reporting blood glucose levels units may be…
mg%
mg/dl
mg/100 ml
