Unit 3 Exam Lab 10

Question 1

When taking a blood pressure, the first sound that you hear represents the _____, and is the pressure that is generated during _____.

Answer 1

systolic reading; contraction of the ventricles

Question 2

As the heart to brain distance becomes greater, the MAP at the level of the heart _____ , while the MAP at brain level _____ when compared with different species.

Answer 2

increases; remains about the same

Question 3

What are the three equations for MAP?

Answer 3

MAP=COxPR
MAP=HRxSVxPR
MAP=((Ps-Pd)/3)+Pd

Question 4

Systolic blood pressure is reflected or influenced by _____, whereas diastolic pressure is reflected by _____.

Answer 4

cardiac output; peripheral resistance

Question 5

You are measuring the blood pressure in a patient using a sphygmomanometer. You could detect an increase in venoconstriction by observing _____________, and you could detect an increase in vasoconstriction of the arterioles by observing ______________.

Answer 5

an increase in systolic pressure; an increase in diastolic pressure

Question 6

Which of the following factors can affect stroke volume?

-end diastolic volume
-venous return
-heart rate
-ejection fraction
-peripheral resistance
-ventilation
-exercise
-sympathetic stimulation

Answer 6

Everything put peripheral resistance

Question 7

Which answer about venous valves is false?

prevent blood from pooling in the extremities.

prevent blood from flowing toward the heart.

assist in reducing the effect of hydrostatic pressure on blood returning to the heart.

when impaired are the cause of varicose veins.

Answer 7

prevent blood from flowing toward the heart.

Question 8

What three mechanisms has the body developed to maintain the return of blood (venous return) to the heart from the extremities?

Answer 8

1. skeletal muscle pump
2. thoracic pump
3. venoconstriction

Question 9

skeletal muscle pump

Answer 9

muscle contraction squeezes veins which forces blood back to the heart through one way valves

Question 10

thoracic pump

Answer 10

negative pressure in chest pulls blood to the thorax/heart during each inhalation

Question 11

venoconstriction

Answer 11

smooth muscle contraction in venous vessels forcing blood back to the heart

Question 12

What branch of the Autonomic Nervous System innervates the veins?

Answer 12

sympathetic

Question 13

What autonomic output leads to venoconstriction?

Answer 13

increased sympathetic

Question 14

What is the effect of venoconstriction on venous return?

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

What autonomic output leads to venodilation?

Answer 15

decreased sympathetic

Question 16

What is the effect of venodilation on venous return?

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

Increased sympathetic activity stimulates the smooth muscle (effector) in the wall of the veins to ________ and therefore ______ the diameter of the vessel.

Answer 17

contract; decrease

Question 18

List three factors that can alter peripheral resistance

Answer 18

Length, viscosity, and diameter

Question 19

Which vessel plays the most important role in altering peripheral resistance?

Answer 19

arterioles

Question 20

Decreased sympathetic activity stimulates the smooth muscle (effector) in the wall of the veins to ________ and therefore ______ the diameter of the vessel.

Answer 20

relax; increase

Question 21

Vasoconstriction of arterioles will have what effect on MAP, PR, flow, diameter, Pd, and Ps

Answer 21

MAP, Pd, Ps, PR increases
Diameter/flow decreases

Question 22

What branch of the Autonomic Nervous System innervates the arterioles?

Answer 22

sympathetic

Question 23

What is the effect of arteriolar vasoconstriction on peripheral resistance?

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

What autonomic output leads to arteriolar vasoconstriction?

Answer 24

Increased Sympathetic

Question 25

What autonomic output leads to arteriolar vasodilation?

Answer 25

Decreased Sympathetic

Question 26

What is the effect of arteriolar vasodilation on peripheral resistance?

Answer 26

decreases

Question 27

Increased sympathetic activity stimulates the smooth muscle (effector) in the wall of the arterioles to ________ and therefore ______ the diameter of the vessel.

Answer 27

contract; decrease

Question 28

Decreased sympathetic activity stimulates the smooth muscle (effector) in the wall of the arterioles to ________ and therefore ______ the diameter of the vessel.

Answer 28

relax; increase

Question 29

Under Fight or Flight conditions:

Answer 29

Blood flow to visceral organs decreases

Blood flow to active skeletal muscle increases

Question 30

During moderate exercise, systolic pressure increases because cardiac output _____ and diastolic pressure is maintained close to resting levels or decreases as blood flow to exercising skeletal muscle _____, and blood flow to the digestive tract _____.

Answer 30

increases; increases; decreases

Question 31

Starling’s Law

Answer 31

Intrinsic autoregulation mechanism that matches cardiac output to venous return

Question 32

Sympathetic tone

Answer 32

Veins and arterioles are in a partially contracted state under rest and repose conditions.

The partially contracted state is the result of a tonic sympathetic stimulation of the smooth muscle in the walls of the vessels.

Question 33

Baroreflex arc stimulus

Answer 33

Decreased MAP

Question 34

Baroreflex arc receptor

Answer 34

Baroreceptors

Question 35

Baroreflex arc afferent pathway

Answer 35

Decreased sensory neuron impulses

Question 36

Baroreflex arc integrator

Answer 36

Medulla

Question 37

Baroreflex arc efferent pathway

Answer 37

Sympathetic neurons: heart/vessels
Parasympathetic neurons: heart

Question 38

Baroreflex arc effectors

Answer 38

Cardiac and smooth muscle of the vessels

Question 39

Baroreflex arc response

Answer 39

Increases MAP