Unit 3: continued

Question 1

what are the three principals for filling orbital notation with electron configuration?

Answer 1

• aufbau principle, hund’s rule, and pauli exclusion principle

Question 2

aufbau principle

Answer 2

states that electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first (1s before 2s)

Question 3

hund’s rule

Answer 3

states that when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spin.

Question 4

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 4

states that no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four quantum numbers

Question 5

quanta

Answer 5

a specific, discrete amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to the next.
equation Quanta = h * v where v=frequency and h=planck’s constant (they are like packets of energy.)

Question 6

the electron quickly returns to a lower shell, emitting the _______ amount of energy, a ______

Answer 6

same, photon

Question 7

what forms of light energy can be given off by an electron?

Answer 7

infrared, ultraviolet, or visible light

Question 8

spectroscope

Answer 8

an instrument used to separate lines of light which appear as one color to the eye

Question 9

explaining spectral lines

Answer 9

• experiments in the early 1900s involved light and matter.

- Plank and Einstein both provided info on the dual wave-particle nature of light.

Question 10

planck’s contribution

Answer 10

some particles have wavelength properties

Question 11

einstein’s contribution

Answer 11

some wavelengths have particle properties.

Question 12

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 12

radiant energy that exhibits wavelength-like behavior and travels through space at the speed of light in a vacuum

Question 13

what is the symbol for waves?

Answer 13

lambda, looks sort of like mandarin for “person”

Question 14

what are the three primary characteristics for waves?

Answer 14

wavelength, frequency, and speed

Question 15

wavelength

Answer 15

distance between two crests in a wave

Question 16

frequency (of a wave)

Answer 16

the number of waves that pass a given point in space per second (unit s superscript -1)

Question 17

what is the speed of light

Answer 17

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

Question 18

c =

Answer 18

speed of light

Question 19

amplitude

Answer 19

distance between peak/trough and midline

Question 20

what are the names for the topmost and bottom most points on a wave

Answer 20

peak and trough

Question 21

wavelength and frequency have a ______ relationship

Answer 21

inverse

Question 22

unit for wavelength

Answer 22

meters (YOU HAVE TO CONVERT FROM NANOMETERS)

Question 23

how to convert between frequency and wavelength

Answer 23

frequency = c / wavelength

Question 24

light quanta are called

Answer 24

photons

Question 25

in 1905 Einstein proposed that light could be describe as

Answer 25

quanta of energy that behaves as particles

E = mc^2

Question 26

energy and frequency formula

Answer 26

Energy of a photon = frequency * planck’s constant

Question 27

what is planck’s constant

Answer 27

6.6262 x 10^-34 joules, h is symbol

Question 28

what is the change in energy formula?

Answer 28

delta E = h*v

Question 29

what is the change in energy formula in terms of wavelength?

Answer 29

change in energy = h*c/wavelength

Question 30

what is the rydberg constant?

Answer 30

1.097 x 10^5 per cm

Question 31

formula for the energy of hydrogen electron?

Answer 31

E sub n = -R/n^2

Question 32

change in energy formula for PEL transitions

Answer 32

change in energy = final energy - initial energy

Question 33

continuous spectrum

Answer 33

when all the colors transition into each other, containing all the wavelengths of light

Question 34

Emission Line Spectrum

Answer 34

a line spectrum when viewed with a spectroscope, it contains only some of the wavelengths of light
each atom has it’s own distinct pattern of emission lines representing different wavelengths of energy being released by the electron as it moves from excited to ground state.

Question 35

paschen series

Answer 35

transitioning to PEL 3

Question 36

balmer series

Answer 36

transitioning to PEL 2

Question 37

lyman series

Answer 37

transitioning to PEL 1

Question 38

absorption spectrum

Answer 38

• opposite of the emission spectrum
• represents the energy transition as the e- goes from the ground state to the excited state
• produces bands of darkness where energy is being absorbed

Question 39

concerns of Bohr’s model

Answer 39

• this model did not explain why an electron stayed outside in orbits instead of falling into the positive nucleus
• could not explain the spectral lines of any other element besides hydrogen

Question 40

what is the kernel of the lewis electron dot structure?

Answer 40

the nucleus + core electrons, represented by the elements symbol

Question 41

there will never be more than ___ electrons in the valence shell

Answer 41

8