1: Lab Skills, Physical Behavior of Matter and Energy

Question 1

What is the rule for adding/subtracting sig figs?

Answer 1

keep the least number of places after the DECIMAL POINT (it is NOT the least # of sig figs).

Question 2

Rule for mult. and division of sig figs

Answer 2

round to the least number of sig figs.

Question 3

Accuracy:

Answer 3

how close the experimental values are to the accepted/theoretical values.

Question 4

Precision:

Answer 4

how close the experimental values are to one another.

Question 5

graphing: x-axis

Answer 5

the independent variable

Question 6

graphing: y-axis

Answer 6

dependent variable

Question 7

graphing: title:

Answer 7

dependent variable versus independent variable (y vs. x)

Question 8

Graphing: best fit curve or line:

Answer 8

general trend line, does not need to hit all points.

Question 9

Graphing: extrapolation:

Answer 9

extend the line for unknown data WITH A DOTTED LINE

Question 10

direct relationships are…

Answer 10

linear

Question 11

inverse relationships are…

Answer 11

exponential

Question 12

systematic error

Answer 12

when multiple trial results are clustered/precise, but accurate.

Question 13

random error

Answer 13

when the values are neither precise nor accurate

Question 14

density formula + table letter

Answer 14

d = m/v, table T

Question 15

define Chemistry

Answer 15

the study of the structure, properties, and composition of substances and the changes that these substances undergo.

Question 16

define matter

Answer 16

anything that has mass and volume (ie. takes up space)

Question 17

what are the two types of properties of matter?

Answer 17

extensive and intensive

Question 18

extensive properties

Answer 18

depends on amount of substance

ex: volume, mass

Question 19

intensive properties

Answer 19

does not depend on amount of substance

ex: boiling point, color, density.

Question 20

elements are..

Answer 20

the simplest form of matter

Question 21

properties of elements:

Answer 21

• cannot be decomposed chemically
• homogenous
• all atoms of the same element have the same atomic number

Question 22

diatomic elements (def.))

Answer 22

two elements of the same type bonded together.

Question 23

define compounds

Answer 23

• they can be decomposed further by chemical change
• all samples of the same compound are homogenous
• Law of Definite Composition: all samples of the same compound have the same composition i.e. proportion of elements.

Question 24

a chemical formula is both…

Answer 24

quantitative and qualitative

Question 25

binary compound

Answer 25

a compound consisting of two different elements.

Question 26

Matter is classified as… (two things)

Answer 26

a pure substance or a mixture of substances

Question 27

Name the 7 diatomic elements:

Answer 27

H O F Br I N Cl (‘s)

Question 28

name a monatomic element

Answer 28

neon

Question 29

def shape, def. volume: solid

Answer 29

yes and yes

Question 30

def. shape, def. volume: liquid

Answer 30

no and yes

Question 31

def. shape, def. volume: gas

Answer 31

no and no

Question 32

Properties of a solid (4)

Answer 32

• have a crystal lattice structure.
• molecules are close together and vibrate in place
• molecules DO NOT move from place to place
• solids are NOT COMPRESSABLE

Question 33

are solids compressable?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

crystal lattice structure

Answer 34

a regular geometric pattern in the arrangement of molecules.

Question 35

“molecule” is used only to describe…

Answer 35

chemical formulas made up of all non-metals

Question 36

Properties of liquids (5)

Answer 36

• molecules move around/are fluid
• molecules are farther apart than in solids
• liquids take the shape of container/indefinite shape
• not compressible
• definite volume

Question 37

are the forces of attraction between liquid molecules stronger or weaker than in solids? in gases?

Answer 37

weaker. The forces of attraction between gas molecules are the weakest.

Question 38

Properties of Gases(4)

Answer 38

• Molecules fill their container
• Molecules are very far apart
• Molecules move in straight line until they hit something
• indefinite shape and volume

Question 39

salt

Answer 39

any positive ion bonded with a negative ion EXCEPT FOR HYDROGEN, which would create an acid (HCl)