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Chemistry > 1.5: Lab Skills, etc. (start: "Other Notation") > Flashcards

1.5: Lab Skills, etc. (start: "Other Notation") Flashcards

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1
Q

aqeuous

A

is dissolved in water

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2
Q

mixture

A

composed of two or more different substances that can be separated by physical means

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3
Q

solution

A

a homogeneous mixture

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4
Q

aqueous solution

A

a solution where something is dissolved in water

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5
Q

NaCl(aq) means that (2 things)

A

sodium chloride is dissolved in water and is a homogeneous mixture.

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6
Q

alloy

A

a solution of two metals

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7
Q

brass is made from

A

copper and zinc

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8
Q

name the five ways to separate substances in a mixture

A
  • gravitational and vacuum filtration
  • distillation
  • chromatography
  • extraction (water and oil)
  • Crystallization (salt out of water)
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9
Q

extraction

A

when two or more liquids have different polarities they will not mix and can be separated with a separatory funnel.

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10
Q

alloy (mixtures)

A

a mixture of two or more metals, heated before they can mix, and then cooled.

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11
Q

separation factors: chromatography:

A

density and polarity

separation using a mobile and stationary phase

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12
Q

separation factors: distillation:

A

boiling point

separation of 2 or more liquids

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13
Q

sep. factors: filtration

A

particle size

separation of a solid and a liquid

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14
Q

sep. factors: dissolving

A

solubility

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15
Q

sep. factors: crystalization

A

freezing point

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16
Q

If both parts of a solution are in the same phase, which is the solvent and solute?

A

solvent: greater mass(solid) greater volume (gas/liquid)
solute: lower mass (solid) lower volume (gas/liquid)

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17
Q

desalination:

A

separation of salts from water

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18
Q

Name at least five forms of energy:

A

light, electromagnetic, mechanical, solar, geothermal, nuclear, chemical, electrical, heat/thermal

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19
Q

what are the four forms of energy most used in chemistry?

A

nuclear, chemical, electrical, and thermal/heat

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20
Q

what two factors control the amount of kinetic energy in particles?

A

how fast the particles are moving and how many particles there are

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21
Q

thermal energy + formula

A

the total kinetic energy of all the combined particles.

KE = 1/2 mv^2 (m=mass, v=velocity)

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22
Q

Will different masses of the same substance have different thermal energies?

A

yes, thermal energy is dependent on mass.

SAMPLE SIZE MATTERS

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23
Q

is there a formula for potential energy?

A

no, it is not measurable

24
Q

heat

A

the transfer of energy (usually thermal) from a body of high to low temperature

25
Q

thermal energy is associated with the…

A

random movement of particles

26
Q

q =

A

heat/energy

27
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

energy can neither be created nor destroyed

28
Q

specific heat capacity (symbol and def.)

A

(c)J/g The rate at which heat will be absorbed.

29
Q

formula to calculate quantity of heat absorbed

A

q = mc(delta-T)

30
Q

temperature

A

measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of material

31
Q

is temperature a form of energy

A

NO!!!!!!!!

32
Q

what are the two temp. scales used in chemistry?

A

Celsius and Kelvin, the absolute scale

33
Q

formula for converting from kelvin to celsius

A

K = C + 273

34
Q

the temperature during a phase change…

A

will not change

35
Q

Matter is a …

A

…rearrangement of particles of a substance

36
Q

endothermic phase change

A

when heat is ADDED to push molecules further apart

37
Q

exothermic phase change

A

when heat is released and molecules come closer together

38
Q

sublimation

A

phase change from a SOLID to a GAS without the liquid phase

ex: dry ice and solid iodine

39
Q

what is sublimation caused by?

A

weak intermolecular forces of attraction –> the bonds between molecules, very weak

40
Q

intramolecular forces of attraction

A

bonds BETWEEN atoms, not molecules

41
Q

triple point

A

temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

42
Q

critical point

A

between vapor-liquids, above which the two distinct phases do not exist.

43
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

44
Q

A change in phase is a change in ____ energy

A

potential

45
Q

equilibrium phase change

A

the rate that phase change is occurring from one phase to the other and vice versa is equal

46
Q

Potential energy is _____ during a single phase

A

constant

47
Q

Heat of fusion

A

amount of heat energy required to change a given amount of solid to a liquid

48
Q

heat of vaporization

A

amount of heat energy required to change a given amount of liquid to a gas

49
Q

melting point is ___ _____ as freezing point

A

the same`

50
Q

physical change

A

the rearrangement of existing particles in a substance

51
Q

chemical change

A

bonds are breaking and reforming into new substances, with changed properties.

52
Q

examples of physical change

A
  • phase changes (subliming)

- dissolving

53
Q

name the five kinds of chemical reactions

A
  • synthesis (dehydration synth.)
  • decomposition
  • single replacement
  • double replacement
  • combustion (burning)
54
Q

what are the two products of combustion

A

water and carbon dioxide

55
Q

chemical changes occur when…

A

… there is a new substance formed with diff. properties and there is a change in energy

56
Q

name the five evidences of chemical change

A
  • precipitate forms
  • temperature change
  • change in color
  • solids no longer exist
  • production of a gas (bubbling, fizzing)

Chemistry (17 decks)

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