Unit 3 Comfort Flashcards
Definition of Comfort
Relief of pain.
Definition of Pain
“An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.”
Nociceptors
Results from an external stimuli on an uninjured, fully functional nervous system. Temporary pain unless underlying cause is not treated.
Gate Control Theory
Stimulation of small (pain) fibers causes gates to open, stimulation of large (heat, cold, mechanical) fibers causes gates to close.
Somatic Pain
Originates from nociceptors located in skin & musculoskeletal tissues, localized, described as sharp
Visceral Pain
Originates form internal body organs & linings of body cavities, described as dull, deep, aching
Referred Pain
Sensed in a region other than the site of origin
Phantom Pain
pain felt in an amputated limb or body part, recurring, described as shooting, stabbing, squeezing, throbbing, or burning.
Biological Pain Stimuli
Bacteria, viruses
Mechanical Pain Stimuli
Shearing forces, fractures
Thermal Pain Stimuli
Extreme heat (burn) & extreme cold (frostbite)
Electrical Pain Stimuli
Electrical burn, electrical shock
Chemical Pain Stimuli
Cleaning solutions, tobacco smoke, acids/bases, radiation
Nociceptive Pain
results from external stimuli on an uninjured, fully functional nervous system. Temporary pain unless underlying cause not treated
Neurotic Pain
caused by nerve malfunction or injuries resulting from trauma, disease, chemicals, infections, & tumors. Consequent spontaneous pain may be due to damage of either peripheral or central nerves.
COLDSPA
Character Onset Location Duration Severity Pattern Associated factors
Numeric
0-10 pain scale: 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as it can be
FLACC
For infants: faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability
FACES
For children: relate pain to faces (see next slide)
PAINAD
Dementia: breathing, vocalization, facial expression, body language, consolability
NANDA Approved Pain Related Diagnosis
Acute Pain
Chronic Pain
Nursing Diagnoses Related to Acute Pain
Disturbed Sleep, Pattern, Risk for Infection, Impaired Skin Integrity
Nursing Diagnoses Related to Chronic Pain
Insomnia, Hopelessness, Imbalanced, Nutrition Less/More Than Body Requirements, Social Isolation, Self-Care Deficit
Nursing Diagnoses for Clients with prescribed opioids
Risk for Constipation
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Fear
Nausea
Rest
a condition in which the body is in a ↓ state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed.
Sleep
a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity
Stages of Sleep: NREM Sleep
- Stage I: very light sleep, lasts just a few minutes, 5%
- Stage II: can be roused with relative ease, 50-55%
- Stage III: deeper sleep, arousal difficult, 10%
- Stage IV: greatest depth of sleep, very difficult to arouse, 10%
Insomnia
difficulty falling or remaining asleep, intermittent sleep, early awakening, most common
Narcolepsy
uncontrollable desire to sleep
Sleep Apnea
sleep-disordered breathing, episodes of breathing cessation (10-20 seconds) during sleep
Restless Leg Syndrome
cannot lie still; creeping, crawling or tingling sensations in the legs
Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation: decrease in the amount, consistency, or quality of sleep,
Symptoms: irritability & impaired mental abilities
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
Enuresis
Urinating during sleep or bedwetting
Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in US in 2011
- Heart disease
- Malignant neoplasms
- Chronic lower respiratory disease
- Cerebrovascular diseases
- Accidents (unintended injuries)
- Alzheimer disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Influenza & pneumonia
- Kidney disease
- Intentional self-harm (suicide)
Kubler-Ross: 5 Stages of Death
- Denial: “They made a mistake in the diagnosis.”
- Anger: “Why me? Why did this happen to me?”
- Bargaining: “If I can just see my grandchild born.”
- Depression: “I can’t bear the thought of not seeing my daughter get married.”
- Acceptance: “Now I can go in peace knowing everything is fine.”
