Mobility Objectives Flashcards
Describe the role of the skeletal, muscular, & nervous systems in the physiology of movement.
Skeletal: supports soft tissues, protects crucial components (brain, lungs, heart, and spinal), gives surfaces for attachments (muscles, tendons, and ligaments) provides storage for minerals (calcium and fat), produces blood cells (hematopoiesis)
Muscular: Skeletal: works with tendons & bones to move the body; produces movement by contraction of cells
Cardiac: heart; produces contractions that create the heartbeat
Smooth or visceral: walls of hollow organs (stomach and intestines) blood vessels & other hollow tubes (ureters)
Nervous: Nerve impulses stimulate muscles to contract, Neurons (nerve cells) conduct impulses from one part of body to another
Example: Afferent neurons convey information from receptors in periphery to CNS (person touches hot stove), CNS interprets information (that stove is hot), Efferent neurons send information to muscles & bones, person moves fingers away from hot stove
Identify variables that influence body alignment & mobility.
Developmental considerations, Physical health, Mental health, Lifestyle, Attitudes & values, Fatigue & stress, External factors
Differentiate isotonic, isometric, & isokinetic exercise.
Isotonic: Muscle shortening & active movement; swimming, ADLs
Isometric: Muscle contraction without shortening; holding a Yoga pose
Isokinetic: Muscle contractions with resistance; lifting weights
Assess body alignment, mobility, & activity tolerance, using appropriate interview & assessment skills.
Mobility: General ease of movement, Gait and posture, Morse Fall Risk Scale
Alignment: Joint structure and function, Muscle mass, tone & strength
Activity: Evaluate ability to turn in bed, maintain correct alignment when sitting or standing, ambulate, and perform ADLs. Pay attention to: Vital signs while client at rest, Ability to perform activity, Response during and after activity, Vital signs immediately after activity, Vital signs after clients have rested for 3 minutes
Significant findings: Noticeably increased pulse, respirations, and blood pressure, Shortness of breath, Dyspnea, Weakness, Pallor, Confusion, Vertigo
Develop nursing diagnoses that correctly identify mobility problems amenable to nursing interventions.
Activity Intolerance, Impaired Physical Mobility, Risk for Injury
Utilize principles of body mechanics when appropriate.
Use proper body position to provide protection from movements, use in ADLs, prevention & correction for posture, enhancement of coordination & endurance, use during activity and rest to prevent injury, used to assess & maintain alignment of clients
Use safe client handling & movement techniques & equipment when positioning, moving, lifting, & ambulating clients.
Positioning: use pillows, mattress, and adjustable bed, change position q 2 hours; if client can’t assist- use 2 or more caregivers; if client can move self- lower HOB and push with feet; if client partially can. <200 lbs- 2-3 nurses, if >200 lbs- 3 nurses
Moving: be aware of baseline VS, assess for dizziness & lightheadedness, gait belt
Lifting: use gait belt and proper body mechanics
Ambulating: assess mobility & need for assistance, explain process, assess for dizzy and weakness, make clear path, non-skid footwear, gait belt
Describe the pathophysiology, signs & symptoms, and complications of osteoporosis & hip fracture.
Loss of calcium and phosphate from bones, most common metabolic bone disease
Pathophysiology: rate of bone resorption accelerates as the rate of bone formation decelerates, decreased bone mass results and bones become porous and brittle.
Signs & Symptoms: Humped back (kyphosis), Markedly aged appearance, Loss of height of more than 1½″, Muscle spasm, Decreased spinal movement with flexion more limited than extension
Complications: Bone fractures (vertebrae, femoral neck, and distal radius)
Describe the effects of osteoporosis and hip fracture on mobility.
It makes bones more vulnerable to fractures as it has decreased bone mass and they become brittle.
Causes: Primary: estrogen deficiency, changes associated with aging; Secondary: underlying disease or agent
