Unit 3 - Chapter 8 - Behavious in social and cultural contect Flashcards
norms (social)
rules that regulate social life, including eplicit laws and implicit cultural conventions
role
a given social position that is goverened by a set of norms for proper behaviour
culture
a program of shared rules that govern the behavious of people in a community or society, and a set of values, beliefs, and customs shared by most members of that community
What is the Miligram study?
shock machine administered by a “teacher” to an actor with increasing voltage
2/3 of the participents obeyed to the fullest ectent
inficted what they believed to be dangerous amounts of shock to another perosn
What conditions must be met to for the teacher to disobey in the Milgram study
- ecperimenter left the room
- when the victim was in the room
- when two ecperimenters issued conflicting demands
- when the person ordering them to continue was ordinary man
- when the participant worked with peers who refused to go further
Obedience is more a function of the ____________ than of the personlities of the participants
situation
the kep is the nature of relationship with authority
entrapment
a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money or effort
social gognition
an area in social psychology concerned with social influences on theought, memory, perception and beliefs
attribution theory
the theory that people are motivated to ecplain their own and other people’s behaviour by attributing causes of that behavious to a situation or a disposition
fundamental attribution error
the tendency, in ecplaining other people’s behaviour, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation
just-world hypothesis
the notion that the world is fair and that justices is served, that bad people are punished and good people rewarded
attitude
belief about people, groups, ideas, or activities
some ecplicit, some implicit
Cognitive dissonance
a state of tenetion that occuse when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsisten or when a persons’ belief is incogruent with his or her behavious
familiarity effect
the tendencey of people to feel more positive toward a person, iten, product, or other sitimulus the more familiar thar are with it.
the valididty effect
the tendency of people to believe that a statement is true or valid simply bc it has been repeated many times
Is religious affliation heritabel
no but religiosity is
some keys of coercive persuasion
- Person subgected to entrapment
- persons perblems ecplained by one simple attribution
- person offered new identity and promised salvation
- person’s access to discomfirming information is severly controlled
The ________________ may be the most powerful of all human motivations
need to belong
worse than physical pain
What is the first thing people in groups do
conform, taking action or adopting attitudes as a result of real or imagined group pressure
what is one of the drawbacks of conformity?
power to suppress critical thinking and creativity
groupthing
the tendency for all members of a group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement
Symptoms of groupthink
- illusion of invulnerability
- self-sensorship
- pressure of dissenters to conform
- illusion of unamity
diffusion of responsibility
in groups, the tendency of members to avoid taking action bc they assume that others wil
deinidviduation
in groups or crowds, the loss of awareness of one’s own individuality
