Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

a state of arousal involvig, facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appreaisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action

Question 2

In defining emotion, what three things do psychologists focus on?

Answer 2

• Physicological changes in face, brain and body
• cognitive processes - interpretations of events
• cultural influences that shape ecperiences

Question 3

Primary emotions

Answer 3

emotions considered to be universal and biologically based

Eg: fear, andger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust and contempt

Question 4

Secondary emotions

Answer 4

emotions that are specific to certain cultures

Question 5

What is the reason that Darwin believed that human facial ecpressions evolved?

Answer 5

allowed one to tell at a glance the difference between a friendly stranger and a hostile one

Question 6

Why is pride most recently been argued to be a basic human emotion

Answer 6

adaptive function to motivate people to achieve and ecel and to signal status

Question 7

facial feedback

Answer 7

the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being ecpressed

Question 8

Why are there cultural and social limits to the universal readability of facial ecpressions?

Answer 8

• people are better at identifying emotions ecpressed in their own ethnic, nation or regional group than of foreigners
• within a culture, facial ecpressions can have different meanings depending on the situations

Question 9

If one were to have a stroke and there was damage to reigions of the brain involved with the ecperience of discust, would they be about to feel discust

Answer 9

no, no emotional response to images and ideas = discusting

Question 10

which regions of the brain are involved in impulses to approadh or withdraw?

Answer 10

prefrontal cortec
Right = withdraw or escape
Left = approach

Question 11

Which part of the brain help us modify and control our feelings = regulation station

Answer 11

prefrontal cortec, loss of self if damaged

Question 12

what role does the amygdala play in emotion

Answer 12

fear and anger
responsible for evaluation sensory info, fining emotional importance, making initial decisions to approach or withdraw
may be overrun by the a more accurate appraisal from the cortec

Question 13

mirror neurons

Answer 13

brain cells that fire when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action: involved in empathy, imitation, and reading emotions

Question 14

what two things must happen for mirror neurons to fire?

Answer 14

• recognize another person’s action

- when action is intentional rather than accidental

Question 15

_____________ the spreading of an emotion from one person to another

Answer 15

mood contagion

Question 16

when two people feel rapport with one another’s emiotions, nonverbal ignals, and posture, what will happen

Answer 16

more synchronized they become, the more cooperative they behave and cheerfull they feel

Question 17

when stress causes strong emotion the autonomic nervous system sends out which hormones with what kind of response?

Answer 17

epinephrine and norepinephrine = arousal and alerness

pupils dialate, heart beats faster, blood sugar rises, breathing speeds up

Question 18

which hormone in partiular provides that energy of emotion, ecitement

Answer 18

epinephrine

Question 19

what is the success rate of highly trained professionals to detect a lie

Answer 19

54%

Question 20

why do psychologists regard the polygraph test ts invalid?

Answer 20

because there are no physiological patterns of autonomic arousal specific to lying

Question 21

what is the main problem with the lie detector?

Answer 21

it will falsely identify innocent people as having lied

Question 22

describe the guilty knowledge test

Answer 22

multiple choice Q’s
one answer is relivant to the case others are neutral answers
if suspect’s phsicological resonses to relevant answers consistenly large then to the neurtal alternatives, investigator infer that the suspect is guilty

Question 23

display rules

Answer 23

the social and culturall ules that reulater when, how and where a person may ecpress or suppress emotions

Question 24

emotion work

Answer 24

ecpression of an emotion, often because of a role requirement, that a person does not really feel

Question 25

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 25

according to Hans Selye, a series of physiological reations to stress occueing int three shases: alarm, resistance and schaustion

Question 26

HPA ( hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal cortec acis

Answer 26

a system activate to energize the body to respond to stressors. The hypothalamus sends chemical messengers to the pituitary, which in turn prompts the adrenal cortec to produce cortisol and other hormones

Question 27

psychoneuroimmunology ( PNI)

Answer 27

the study of the relationships among psychology, the nervous and sndocrine systems and the immune system

Question 28

locus of control

Answer 28

a general ecpection about whether the results of you actions are under your own control of beynd your control

Question 29

primary control

Answer 29

an effort to modify reality by changing other people, the situation, or events: a “fighting back” philosophy

Question 30

secondary control

Answer 30

an effort to accept reality by changing you own attitudes, goals, or emotions: a “learn to live with it” philosophy