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IT X > Unit 3 Chap 9 & 10 (1-18) > Flashcards

Unit 3 Chap 9 & 10 (1-18) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer?

A

Electronic machine that stores, receives and processes data very quickly using a stored program.

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2
Q

What is hardware?

A

Physical parts of the computer you can see & touch.

e.g. Screen, printer, keyboard

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3
Q

What is a program/software?

A

Set of instructions to instruct computer to carry out a task

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4
Q

What is a peripheral device?

A

Any piece of hardware which is external to the processor.

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5
Q

What are input devices?

A

Devices used to get data into the computer

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6
Q

What is the CPU?

A

Central Processing Unit.

Brain of computer which carries out all processes.

e.g calculations

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7
Q

What is the motherboard?

A

Main printed circuit board. Contains COU, memory boards & other circuit boards required by computer system.

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8
Q

What is a video card?

A

Printed circuit board which generates images for computer’s VDU. Can determine resolution & colours used on screen.

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9
Q

What are output devices?

A

Devices which provide information output in a format humans can understand.

e.g. screen display & printouts

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10
Q

What are backing stores?

A

Devices used to permanently store data when computer is switched off

e.g. hard disk, CD

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11
Q

What is ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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12
Q

Diagram of the structure of a computer system?

A

Input —> CPU —-> Output

|

|

Storage

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13
Q

Give 5 input devices

A

Keyboard

Mouse

Tracker Pad

Joystick

Touch Screen

Scanner

Digital Camera

Graphics Digitiser

Microphone

Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)

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14
Q

What is a keyboard made up of?

What are most keyboards called?

What sections is the keyboard arranged into?

A

Keys

QWERTY

Alphabet keys, Function, (F) keys, Numeric keys (2 sets),

Arrow keys command keys (Insert, delete)

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15
Q

Advantages of keyboards? (4)

A

Most computers come with a keyboard supplied

People are used to using them to enter data, no training

A skilled typist can enter data very quickly

Specialist keyboards are available (Ergonomic, gaming)

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16
Q

Disadvantages of keyboards? (5)

A

Easy to make mistakes when typing data

If you can’t touch type, it can be take ages to enter data

Not suitable for creating diagrams

Disabled people find them difficult to use

Excessive use can lead to R.S.I.

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17
Q

What is a concept keyboard?

A

Can use a variety of programmed overlays.

Overlays allow keys to be defined as words or pictures.

Teachers can use them when kids are too young to understand a keyboard.

Use in fast food restaurants or vending machines.

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18
Q

What are function keys?

A

Used for special pre-programmed functions within an application.

e.g. F4 in Excel sets an absolute cell address

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19
Q

What does the control key do?

A

Holding it down & pressing other key combinations initiates different actions.

e.g. Ctrl + C = copy

Ctrl + V = paste

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20
Q

What does the shift key do?

A

Holding it with another key gives the 2nd character on key or capital letter for an alphabetic character.

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21
Q

What are the cursor keys used for?

A

Move cursor around a document

e.g. in Excel, move between cells

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22
Q

What is a hot key?

A

Any shortcut key or combination of keys.

When pressed, a task is carried out.

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23
Q

What is a mouse also called?

What does it do?

What does it have?

What does left/right clicking do?

A

Pointing device

Enables you to control what happens on screen

Left & right button & central scrolling wheel

left = choose

right = menu

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24
Q

Where do you get tracker pads?

A

Laptops

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25
Q

Advantages of tracker pads (3)

A

Useful for laptops when mice aren’t practical

Pad’s position is fixed, unlike a traditional mouse

Short finger movements required to move the cursor

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26
Q

Disadvantages of tracker pads (3)

A

Takes practice & skill to control position

Gloves can’t be worn

Moist, sweaty or calloused fingers can disrupt signals

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27
Q

What does a joystick do?

What machines do they control?

A

Moves in many directions. Have buttons too.

Cranes, trucks, powered wheelchairs

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28
Q

Advantage of joysticks (1)

A

Better gaming experience for racing or flying computer games

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29
Q

Disadvantages of joysticks (2)

A

More difficult to control than a traditional mouse

Not very robust & break easily

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30
Q

Advantages of touch screens (2)

A

Easy to use - no training

No extra peripherals e.g. mouse

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31
Q

Disadvantages of touch screens (4)

A

Not suitable for inputting large amounts of data

Not very accurate - difficult with fingers

Tiring to use for long periods

More expensives than alternatives e.g. mouse

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32
Q

What are scanners used for?

How do they work?

What is the most popular type?

A

Convert images/text into a digital format.

Shines a beam of light onto the surface of an object, light reflects onto a sensor which detects colour. This then builds up the digital image.

Flatbed scanner

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33
Q

Advantages of scanners (3)

A

Very accurate & produce high quality images

Any image can be included in electronic documents

Can be enhanced with a graphics application

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34
Q

Disadvantages of scanners (3)

A

Can take up lots of memory space

Lose some quality in scanning & digitising process

Quality of final image depends on original image

35
Q

What does a digital camera do?

A

Records images electronically on a memory card.

They can be downloaded onto a computer & printed, stored or maniptulated with editing software.

Can be deleted

Quality depends on res/num of pixels.

36
Q

Advantages of digital cameras (5)

A

No film needed, no developing costs to see picture

Can be viewed immediately & deleted

Can be edited, enlarged or enhanced

Can be incorporated into documents/websites

Extra memory sticks can be purchased for storage

37
Q

Disadvantages of digital cameras (3)

A

More expensive than cameras with film

Images often have to be compressed

When memory is full, images must be downloaded or deleted before taking more pictures.

38
Q

What are graphics digitisers for?

What do they consist of?

A

Designers can create accurate drawings

Flat pad (tablet) & stylus

39
Q

Advantages of a graphics digitiser (2)

A

More natural to draw with a pencil style implement rather than a mouse

Very accurate

40
Q

Disadvantages of a graphics digitiser (2)

A

Not suitable for general selection work.

More expensive than a mouse

41
Q

How do microphones work?

A

Sound detected by microphone & electrical signal transmitted to computer

Special hardware converts it into digital data.

42
Q

What are MIDIs?

How do they work?

A

Keyboards which are connected to a computer so when a person plays the keyboard, the frequency, pitch & other info is converted to digital info.

Can be stored on computer & mixed.

43
Q

Advantages of MIDI (3)

A

Music can be produced be people who aren’t experts

Can be easily edited without having to re-record the whole piece.

Voice tracks can be integrated with the music

ipad eg. garageband

44
Q

What is a VDU?

What is the average size?

What is the picture made up of?
What is an SVGA monitor?

What are multimedia VDUs?

What is multimedia?

A

Visual Display Unit

17 inches diagonally

Pixels (resolution)

Good quality, high resolution

Monitors with built-in speakers & microphones

Combination of text, graphics, voice, video & sound to produce a presentation/website

45
Q

Give 3 types of output device

A

VDUs

Speakers

Printers

46
Q

What are 4 types of printer?

A

Impact/dot matrix printer

Ink Jet Printer

Laser Printer

Plotter

47
Q

How do impact printers work?

What do they create?

A

Strike tiny pins against a carbon ribbon. Very noisy.

Carbon Copies

48
Q

Advantages of impact printers (2)

A

Low operating costs (£50+)

Carbon copies can be created by using carbonated paper

49
Q

Disadvantages of impact printers (4)

A

Poor quality of print

Very slow (200 CPS/Characters per second)

Very noisy

Can’t produce colour copies.

50
Q

How do inkjet printers work?

A

Fire a droplet of ink at page by boiling in microscopic tube & letting steam eject droplet

51
Q

Advantages of inkjet printers (6)

A

Good resolution (300-600 dpi/dots per inch) 3ppm

Cheap £50+

Small - ideal for home/office

Light

Very quiet

Can print black & white or colour on same page

52
Q

Disadvantages of inkjet printers (6)

A

Slow compare to laser printers

Colour printing is slow

Expensive consumables

Cartridges replaced more frequently than laser

Ink smudges in printout gets wet

If left unused for long periods of time, cartridges dry out

53
Q

What is used instead of ink in a laser printer?

How is it fused onto the paper?

A

Powdered ink (toner)

By heat & pressure

54
Q

Advantages of laser printers (5)

A

Very high resolution (600-1200 dpi)
High quality printouts

Very fast (10-20ppm/pages per minute)
Almost silent

Running costs low (toner expensive but last long)

55
Q

Disadvantages of laser printers (5)

A

Very expensive (£300+)

Expensive to repair

Can’t use continuous/multi-part stationary for carbon copies

Only A4 or A5 paper can be used

Large & heavy

56
Q

What are plotters for?

When are penless plotters used?

What are they used to create?

A

Accurate, high-quality diagrams

High density drawings e.g. maps/circuit diagrams

Architects plans, maps, advertising posters

57
Q

Advantages of plotters (2)

A

Quality is as if an expert drew them

Larger paper sizes can be used

58
Q

Disadvantages of plotters (3)

A

Slow because each line is drawn separately

More expensive

Low quality text printouts

59
Q

What do magnetic hard disks consist of?

Where is data stored?

What is their capacity?

What is their access speed?

A

Metal disks mounted on a spindle. Read/write heaad on each surface. Both sides.

60 Gb

Very fast

60
Q

Give 3 optical disks

A

CD-ROMs

Writeable CDs

DVDs

61
Q

How much storage in a CD?

What is the access speed in a CD?

A

650Mb

Fast

62
Q

What is a WORM?
What is a CD-ROM?
What is a CD-R?

What is a CD-RW?

What is a DVD?

What is a DAT?

A

Write Once Read Many times

Compact Disk Read Only Memory

Compact Disk Recordable

Compact Disk ReWriteable

Digital Audio Tape (Magnetic Tape Streamer)

63
Q

What is the storage in a DVD?

What is the access speed of a DVD?

A

17 Gb

Fast

64
Q

What is the storage in a USB Flash/pen drive?
What sort of memory is it?
What is the access speed?

A

128Mb - 2Gb

Flash

Fast

65
Q

What is the storage in a Tape Streamer?

What is the access speed?

A

60Gb

Slow

66
Q

What is the storage in a Blu Ray?
What is the access speed?

A

50 Gb

Very fast

67
Q

What is ROM?

What does it store?

What sort of memory is it?

A

Read Only Memory

Booting Part of Operating System Program

Non volatile

68
Q

What is RAM?

What sort of memory is it?
What is IAS?

What is the size?

A

Random Access Memory

Volatile

Immediate Access Store

512 Mb

69
Q

What is cache memory?
What does it store?
What sort of memory is it?

Price?

A

Fast access RAM memory

Recently & frequently accessed files (webpages)

Volatile

Expensive

70
Q

What does the operating system do?

Examples? (2)
Where is it stored?

A

Enables hard & software to work together.

Windows Vista & Xp

Hard disk

71
Q

What happens when you switch on a computer?

A

Power sent through circuits & CPU loads the boot program form the ROM chip.

Tells CPU hardware & software in system.

Checks everything is functioning properly & loads default operating system from hard disk.

72
Q

4 tasks of the operating system

A

Share processor time between applications running

Share RAM memory between applications running

Manage devices connected to computer

Provide a user interface

73
Q

What is a GUI?
What is also described as?

A

Graphical User Interface

WIMP Application

74
Q

What is WIMPs

A

Windows

Icons

Menus

Pointers

75
Q

What are windows?

A

Shows current tasks being performed.

Each window has a title bar.

Many windows can be open.

76
Q

What are icons?

A

A picture that represents a file or command

77
Q

What are menus?

A

List of options on a drop down menu in a window

78
Q

What are pointers?

A

A cursor/arrow that can be moved about a window to make selections from menus.

79
Q

What is resolution?

A

A measure of the quality of an image

80
Q

What is a check digit?

A

A digit added to the beginning or end of a number to verify the number entered is an authentic code.

81
Q

What is a blind carbon copy?

A

Sending an e-mail to recipients where they can can only see their own details and not those of other recipients.

82
Q

What is a Bitmap

A

An image not optimised for use on the Internet

83
Q

What is Digital?

A

A name used to describe data held in 1s and 0s

IT X (13 decks)

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