Unit 3 Applications of ICT (Ch 12) Flashcards
What is EFT?
Electronic Funds Transfer
Customers pay for goods using credit or debit cards online; Money electronically transferred.
What is EFTPOS?
Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale
Pay for goods on terminal used at checkout.
Computer including barcode scanner + chip and pin terminal
What does a barcode consist of?
Digits encoded as a series of light and dark vertical bars of varying width.
- country code, manufacturer code, product code + check digit
What happens when a barcode is scanned at an EFTPOS terminal?
Barcode scanner reads barcode, barcode sent to server, computer searches stock file using barcode, when found, product price + description shows up, stock level updated + price + description printed on receipt.
What is a smart card?
Credit/debit card that contains an embedded microchip. Authenticated using a PIN.
What is a PIN?
Personal Identification Number
What happens when a smart card is used?
Card placed in a chip + PIN terminal
Terminal access contents of chips, prompting PIN entry
Entered PIN checked against PIN on card
If they match, transaction is complete
What can customers do at an ATM?
Withdraw cash, order bank statement, order new cheque book, obtain account balance, print mini-statement + lodge a bank cheque.
What is an ATM?
Automatic Teller Machine
What can a customer do thanks to online banking?
View recent transactions, search for particular transactions, pay bills online, transfer money between accounts, set up direct debit payments + view bank statements online.
3 advantages of ATMs?
Banks need fewer employees - reduced staff wages
Customers have 24/7 access to their accounts
Customers don’t have to carry large amounts of cash
What is E-commerce?
Selling goods or services over the internet.
4 ways of paying for goods + services?
Cash - ATM, smaller items
Plastic cards - Convenient, large reg purchases
Cheques - pay bills by post
Direct Debits/Standing Orders - reg monthly/annual payments
How are ATMs connected to their bank?
How do ATMs work?
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Read magnetic strip on card, connect to bank database and show options.
How do credit cards work?
Allow users to make purchases and draw cash up to a certain amount. Receive monthly statement showing purchases. Can pay off all or part w/interest on money they owe.
How do debit cards work?
Connected to bank account. Used to withdraw money from ATMs.
How do loyalty cards work?
Promote customer loyalty by awarding points that can be used for rewards or discounts.
How do store cards work?
Allow customers to make purchases on credit. Similar to credit card but in 1 store.
How can plastic cards be used:
- Telephone/Internet
- Checkout/ATM
- Cardholder name, card number + expiry date
- Electronically. Account number, PIN, bank sort code, credit limit, amount withdrawn.
Advantages of E-Commerce? (5)
Increase in postal staff + programmers Mobility issues not a problem Wider range of products Cheaper goods/services Product reviews available
Disadvantages of E-Commerce? (4)
Traditional shops may have to close
Easier for criminals to get credit card details
Interact with computers, not people
Gap between rich + poor increases
Advantages of Online Banking? (4)
Can check balance 24./7
Transactions in comfort of own home
Efficient
Can easily transfer funds
Disadvantages of Online Banking? (3)
Fewer staff in banks + banks close
Easier for criminals to get card details
Fraud + counterfeit cards
What are the 3 most common areas involving plastic card fraud?
Cards being lost/stolen, cards being copied (counterfeit) and payments made over phone/internet where card is not present.
What should someone do if they realise their card has been lost/stolen?
Contact bank/credit card company + have it registered as lost so it cannot be used.
How can plastic cards be made more secure?
Small hologram image on back - hard to copy
Tiny circuit containing processor + memory, will replace magnetic strip.
What is a computer control?
A computer control system uses sensors as input devices, to measure a physical quantity.
- Light sensors for light intensity
- Temp sensors to measure temp changes
- Sound sensors to measure noise level
What is data logging?
Automatic collection of data over a period of time and then processed at a later date.
What does data logging involve?
Automatic capture + storage of data without human intervention.
Collection of data at regular time intervals, without human supervision.
Storing data over a period of time and analysing it with special software.
24/7
When is ICT used in education?
MIDI equipment for learning + producing music
DVD technology for interactive films
Special educational needs
Science + Technology courses - data logging
LANs, WANs, and VLEs in education?
School LAN can be linked to WAN for internet access. Virtual Learning Environment allows teacher to access pupil work progress + attendance record.
Explain Analogue-to-digital conversion?
Computers can only process digital signals and these physical measurements are analogue signals so they must be converted.
An interface called an ADC is used to convert it.
Describe the difference in analogue and digital signals?
Analogue data can be described as having a continuously varied voltage whilst digital signal has a digital/binary pulse (discrete values)
What is feedback?
When computer systems can monitor their own activity through controlling the outputs according to the inputs.
What do computer controlled devices in homes include?
Examples?
What does it do?
A microprocessor (embedded computer)
Washing machines, burglar alarms, TVs, DVD players.
Controls input + output devices + processes inputs received.
Give examples of computer controlled traffic systems?
Traffic lights, parking, congestion charges + car speeding
What 4 things do greenhouses need sensors to measure?
Temperature, light, humidity, dampness of soil.
How does a light (other name) sensor work in a computer controlled system?
Light Dependent Resistor
When natural light falls = turn on lights.
Too sunny = close blinds
How does a temp sensor work in a computer controlled system?
Lower + Upper limits programmed
Above max = heaters off/windows open
Below max = heaters on/windows closed
How does a humidity sensor work in a computer controlled system?
Measures water vapour + turns on/off sprinklers.
How does a soil dampness sensor work in a computer controlled system?
Water sprinklers turned off if soil too dry/off when water content is suitable.
If value is outside range, signal sent to an Actuator
What is an Actuator?
Devices which generate signals to make machinery or other devices move. e.g. motor in greenhouse to open + close windows.
Others are hydraulic or pneumatic.
What do vehicle actuation systems do?
Control flow of traffic at rush hours + if need arises.
What amends traffic light timings?
Sensors on road to detect + count vehicles
Lights changed to green for emergency vehicles
Pedestrian crossing = local control box
Faults automatically detected
How can car parks be managed by computer controlled systems?
Cars directed to car parks with spaces.
How can speed control be managed by computer controlled systems?
Camera takes photo + records speed, registration etc
How does a computer controlled system work with a washing machine?
Stores a control program which allows machine to operate automatically and follow different sets of instructions. (Short/spin, prewash, delicate fabrics)
During cycle, computer controlled pumps and motors are used.
What is the real name for a black box?
What does it do?
FDR, Flight Data Recorder.
Performance characteristics monitored.
Give 5 examples of weather reporting systems?
Thermometers (temperature), anemometers (wind speed), barometers (atmospheric pressure), light sensors, rain gauges, humidity sensors.
4 Examples of data logging?
Measuring traffic volume
Tracking weather changes
Measuring volcanic acidity
Recording temp changes during an experiment
2 Input devices for data logging?
Data logger
Sensors
3 Output devices for data logging?
Printer
Plotter
Monitor
2 Processing devices for data logging?
Analogue to digital converter
Modem, radio + satellite communications
4 Advantages of data logging?
24/7
Data collected without human intervention in hazardous environments
Accurate readings automatically
No breaks needed
3 Disadvantages of data logging?
Expensive data logging equipment required
Expensive processing equipment (converter)
Some training to set up, collect + analyse data
Explain working from home?
Advanced IT makes it possible
Directly communicate with office from home
Email, video conferencing, digital cameras, scanners + contacts easily contacted from home
7 Advantages of working from home (employee)
Improved quality of life, no travel stress, travelling time saved, cost of travel saved, flexible working hours, increased self esteem, more family time.
2 Disadvantages of working from home (employee)
Isolation feeling, no social contact with fellow workers.
3 Advantages of working from home (employer)
Saves cost of office space, Greater loyalty of employees due to trust, work produced increases
2 Disadvantages of working from home (employer)
Difficult to build teams, share + generate ideas
Additional cost of home working equipment + connection charges for employees.
5 Health hazards of working in IT?
Stress, RSI, Eyestrain, ELF radiation, backache
What 4 things are employers required to do in IT business?
Provide employee training, regular eye tests, evaluate health + safety at workstations, ensure employees take regular breaks.
What 2 responsibilities to employees have in IT business?
Use workstations + equipment correctly, bring problems to employers immediately.q
What 4 things must manufacturers ensure in IT business equipment?
Screens must swivel + tilt, keyboards must be separate + moveable, computer chairs must swivel + adjust, Notebook PCs not suitable for large amounts of data entry.
What does the Computer Misuse Act deal with?
Problems involving hacking, viruses and other nuisances.
What are hackers?
People involved in digital crimes.
What is a virus?
A piece of software designed to disrupt the normal operation of a computer. It can be attached to email and activated when the email is opened.
What does the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act do?
Protect property rights of people and organisations that create and produce material based on original ideas.
What are the main ICT areas covered by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act?
Software piracy, using unlicensed software, theft by one company of ideas + methods of other IT companies + use of ICT to copy or download material such as music or video.
What organisations store personal data?
Health services, education bodies, census organisations + financial organisations.
What are the 8 Data Protection Act Principles?
1: Personal data should be processed fairly
2: Personal data should only be used for specified purpose
3: Should be adequate + relevant for intended purpose
4: Should be accurate + up to date
5: Shouldn’t be kept for longer than necessary
6: Should be processed in accordance with rights of data subject
7: Should be held securely
8: Shouldn’t be transferred out of EU
Who must abide by the Principles of the Data Protection Act?
Any company that collect personal data
What are 5 environmental concerns from ICT?
Reliance on road transport + air travel, power management, peripheral usage, printer usage, obsolete equipment.
How can the IT business reduce its carbon footprint in terms of reliance on road transport + air travel?
Arrange meetings using video conferencing.
How can the IT business reduce its carbon footprint in terms of power management?
Allow computers to go into hibernate/sleep mode + use screensavers to reduce power consumption.
How can the IT business reduce its carbon footprint in terms of peripheral usage?
Encourage users to purchase energy saving devices + ensure monitors, peripherals etc are turned off when not in use.
How can the IT business reduce its carbon footprint in terms of printer usage?
Encourage users to ‘think before you print’
What are the 3 main computer laws?
Data Protection Act 1998, Copyright, Designs + Patents Act 1988 + Computer Misuse Act 1990
What records are classed as personal data? (4)
Medical records, school records, criminal records, birth, death + marriage records, census information + employee records.
What are the 2 things people are concerned about with their personal data?
Data about them is being shared between companies without permission + personal data is being accessed by people who could misuse it.
What is a data subject?
The individual who is the subject of the personal data.
What is personal data?
Concerns a living person who can be identified from the data.
What is a data controller?
Person in a company who is responsible for controlling the way in which personal data is processed.
What is an information commissioner?
Responsible for enforcing Data Protection Act 1998, promoting good practice from those people responsible for processing personal data, making the general public aware of their rights under the act.
What rights does the Data Protection Act give data subjects?
See personal data kept on computer, have wrong data corrected, to complain to the information commissioner if we don’t like the way the data is collected or the way it is used.
What does the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 make illegal?
Copy software, distribute copied software, sell copied software, run purchased software on more than one machine unless license allows it + organisation to put pressure on employees to do any of the above.
What does the Computer Misuse Act 1990 make illegal?
Deliberately put a virus into a computer system to cause damage to program files and data, use a computer to carry out unauthorised work, hack into someone’s system with a view to seeing or altering information stored + use a computer for fraud.
What is E-Commerce?
Selling goods or services over the Internet
What do you need to use E-Commerce?
Access to the Internet and a debit/credit card to pay for purchases.
You can also use a PayPal account.
What is online banking?
A computerised service that allows customers to view the status of their account and transaction history online.
What do you need to use online banking?
Access to the Internet and a bank account.
What can you do when online banking?
Transfer funds, pay bills, request cheque books and set up direct payments.
How does online banking work?
A debit card is linked to a bank account and when a purchase is made, money is taken directly from their account.
What is used when online banking in terms of account details?
Cardholders name, card number and card expiry date.
5 pros of E-Commerce?
E-Commerce sites have millionaires, increased postal staff, increase in programmers, mobility issues not a problem, online catalogues can be viewed, bigger range of products, product reviews available, orders can be placed 24/7, shop to and from anywhere in the world, goods/services and best price programs can get best deal.
5 cons of E-Commerce?
Traditional shops have to close, lowers profits without it, interact with computers instead of people, city centres become deserted, gap between rich and poor widens, shopping as leisure may decline, decrease in shop staff and criminals can get card details easier.
5 pros of online banking?
Can buy products/services online, can check balance 24/7, can view transaction history anytime, can easily transfer funds, no interest on debit cards, efficient, transactions done in comfort of own home and can produce electronic statements.
5 cons of online banking?
Easier for criminals to get card details, fewer bank staff, smaller village/town branches, card may not be present (fraud) and card may be copied (counterfeit)
