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IT X > Unit 2: Multimedia & Games Technology > Flashcards

Unit 2: Multimedia & Games Technology Flashcards

1
Q

What forms can graphics come in?

A

Clip art, digital pics, word art, scanned images + animation.

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2
Q

How can graphics be captured?

A

Digital camera, mobile phone, scanner.

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3
Q

How can graphics be input into a computer?

A

Cable, memory card reader, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, USB, email.

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4
Q

What do graphics packages allow?

A

Users can create + edit digital images.
Text boxes, predefined shapes, line tools, rotate tools, stretch handles, flip image.
Zoom, fill, crop, grouping.

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5
Q

What kind of effects could you add to an image?

A

Black + white, sepia, oil painting.

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6
Q

How might you more easily integrate text + images?

A

Watermark/washout, transparency, text wrapping, order tool.

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7
Q

Describe bitmap graphics.

A

Store detail about every pixel in image, large, can be compressed, not suitable for webpages + often used by graphic designers.

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8
Q

Describe vector-based graphics.

A

Store information about objects that make up an image, don’t depend on resolution for quality, can be more easily resized than bitmap + are smaller files.

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9
Q

More pixels = ?

A

Higher resolution

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10
Q

In what file types can images edited by graphics packages be stored? (6)

A

BMP (Bitmap), GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group), PICT (Apple Mac format), PNG (Portable Networks Graphics), TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)

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11
Q 
Describe:
GIFs
JPEGs
PICTs
PNGs
TIFFs
A

Compressed graphics format, animated + still images.(web/animated)
Compressed graphics format, user can determinate level of compression applied to image. (web/photos)
Used by Mac, high quality but compressed.
Allow BMP images to be compressed, slightly larger than GIF.
Stores BMP images so can be transferred between Windows + Apple Mac.

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12
Q

What ways can digital video and sound be captured?

A

Mobile phones, digital cameras + microphones.

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13
Q

Can you edit digital video files on phones + cameras?
Why is there an expansion slot for memory cards on most devices?
How do microphones record sound?

A

Yes, there are basic facilities to do so.
Because there isn’t enough space for video files.
Record analogue sound waves + convert to digital format.

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14
Q

How can digital sound + video be distributed? (6)

A 
Optical storage (DVD/CD-ROM)
Internet (Email/websites)
Bluetooth
Flash technologies
Blu-Ray
HD-TV
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15
Q

What is optimisation?

What are codecs used for?

A

Reducing file size for distribution.

Compression/decompression software for optimisation.

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16
Q

Give examples of video file formats. (6)

A

.avi (Audio Video Interleave)
.fla (Flash Movie Authoring)
.mov (Apple file format for multimedia + movies)
.mp4 (MPE4 can be downloaded from internet for use on portable media players)
.mpeg (Moving Pictures Experts Group)
.wmv (Windows Media Video)

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17
Q

In what format can projects made using flash be stored?

A

.swf (Shockwave format)

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18
Q

Give examples of Sound file formats. (5)

A

AIF (Audio Interchange File, uncompressed)
WAV (Waveform Audio File, uncompressed)
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface, compressed)
MP3 (based on MPEG tech, compressed)
WMA (Windows Media Audio, compressed)

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19
Q

What should a plan for a movie in a storyboard format contain?

A

Details of title/credit screens, timeline (description, length) name + duration of audio files, special effects.

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20
Q

What does most software for producing digital videos allow you to do?

A

Add transitions between clips, add effects to clips, split/trim clips, reposition clips in timeline, add audio files + add title/credit screens.

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21
Q

How might you distribute a digital video? (5)

A

Playback on computer, CD, email, internet + digital video camera playback.

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22
Q

What does most software for developing + editing digital sound files allow you to do?

A

Record new sound files, playback, pause, fast forward, rewind + stop, import files for editing, adjust volume, delete parts + add effects.

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23
Q

Who might be in a team creating a game?

A

Programmers to develop app, musicians to create the soundtrack, artists for graphics + hardware designers for peripherals + controllers to match gaming + IT skill of users.

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24
Q

What factors would a game developer need to consider when developing a game?

A 
High res graphics + high speed interaction require high quality graphics cards, fast processors + good quality peripherals.
Target audience (Game interface, graphic quality, language + controllers)
Method of distribution (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, download)
Game cost.
25
Q

Give examples of hand-held gaming devices? (5)

A

iPod touch, N-gage, Nintendo DS, PSP, mobile phone + PDA.

26
Q

Give examples of dedicated games consoles? (5)

A

Dreamcast, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo Wii, Sony PlayStation, + X Box 360/

27
Q

Give examples of game genres + meanings? (4)

A 
Action Games (Time crucial, loss points/lives if slow reaction)
Adventure Games (Solve puzzles, outcome affects path through game)
Puzzle Games (Time restriction, increased difficulty)
RPG Games (RolePlay, play as game character)
28
Q

What aspects of game play do designers have to outline when designing a game?

A

Rules, pathways, script + user interactions.

29
Q

Give examples of hardware which can be used to interact with a computer game?

A 
Haptic peripheral (sensory feedback for user - vibrate)
Joysticks (multidirection movement + button input)
Concept keyboards (Variety of options for interaction)
Touch screens (easily select options)
Specialised keyboards (basic controls on handheld)
QWERTY keyboard (basic computer game controls)
Specialised controllers (Racquets, steering wheels)
Touch-sensitive devices (dance mats)
30
Q

What is a computer game?

A

Electronic presentation of any game that involves interaction between the user + processor using an electronic device that provides feedback to the user.

31
Q

What developments have there been in gaming consoles + genres?

A

Games consoles (high quality + high speed, internet access, play Blu-ray disks)
Online gaming (social, need high speed internet for graphics + sound)
MMPORG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Play Game, subscription to website, unknown players)
Social Gaming (e.g. Facebook, played against friends)
Mobile Gaming (downloaded games)
Altered Reality Gaming (Superimposes computer images onto current area, PokemonGo)
Peripheral-free Game Play (natural movements to play)
Casual Gaming (Basic computer games, little skill)
Training Games (High quality 3D to train staff)

32
Q

How might you create a computer game proposal?

A

Game description, user interactions, feedback, scoring, target audience (age, characteristics), game genre, game play, storyboard.

33
Q

What should a computer game storyboard contain?

A

Background + text colour, type + location of graphics, location of key elements (title screen, main menu, screen titles, game instructions, game elements, exit + help buttons, navigation buttons, scoring mechanism, graphic location, feedback, help facility content.)

34
Q

What do most computer games contain?

What applications allow you to add programming elements?

A 
Programming instructions, interactions (rollover images/button clicks), user feedback (messages), graphics.
Microsoft PowerPoint (Developer Tab)
35
Q

Microsoft PowerPoint:
What elements can be used to control a basic computer game?
What is 1 method of providing feedback?

A

Radio + action buttons.

Create dialogue boxes with user feedback.

36
Q

What should a user guide/help facility include in a computer game?

A

Available at all times, rules of game, instructions on how to play, explanation of feedback + instructions on how to exit game.

37
Q

How might you test a computer game?

A

Pathways, scoring mechanism. feedback is easily understandable format + instructions easy to understand + always accessible.

38
Q

How could you evaluate a computer game?

A

Suitability of interface for target audience (language, text font and size, graphics)
Accuracy of score counter + instructions in help facility.

39
Q

What makes a good computer game?

A

Appropriately priced, available on correct platform, appropriate language for target audience, appropriate game play, appropriate peripherals, readily available tech support + distributed appropriately.

40
Q

What is a website?

A

Set of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents that can be viewed on the World Wide Web.

41
Q

What do HTML documents contain?

A

A combination of text, sound, video, animated objects, + digital photographs.

42
Q

How are websites linked?

A

Hyperlinks.

43
Q

What are hyperlinks?

A

A text or image that directs you to another webpage or website when you click on it.

44
Q

What should a website developer consider when designing a website?

A

Target audience + purpose of website.

45
Q

What should a website development plan contain?

A

Target audience, purpose, navigation diagram, storyboard (position + function of graphics, animations, videos + other digital assets, colour scheme, location of navigation elements)

46
Q

What makes a good website?

A

Easily navigated, loads quickly + consistent layout in terms of navigation.

47
Q

What multimedia components might a website contain?

Give examples of suitable formats for each component.

A 
Graphic elements (JPG, GIF, PNG)
Sound Files (WAV, AIF, MP3, WMA)
Video Files (AVI, MPEG, MOV, WMV, SWF)
Animations (FLA, GIF)
48
Q

What does a web authoring package allow?

What do page formatting tools allow?

A

Create + edit webpages using tools.

Image added to background, background + text colours + colours to identify hyperlinks.

49
Q

What is a template?

A

Pre-designed webpage that contains some basic text + graphics that can be edited by the user.

50
Q

What can a web authoring package add to a webpage?

A

Hyperlinks, hotspots, multimedia components, document links, navigation menus + layout features (Framesets, layers, tables).

51
Q

What are hotspots?

A

Sections of a large graphic that are hyperlinked to another webpage, website or document.

52
Q

What are document links?

A

Hyperlinks that link to documents within the website folder (can be viewed online or downloaded)

53
Q

What are framesets?

A

A group of pages that can be displayed at the same time, they look like 1 page in a web browser.

54
Q

What are layers?

A

Containers for text + other multimedia elements on a webpage.

55
Q

What are the views that a web authoring package contains to help the developer?

A

Design View - (Allows web developer to add text + multimedia elements to webpage)
Preview Mode - (View webpage in web browser)
Code View - (See + edit HTML code used to create webpage)

56
Q

How could you efficiently manage website?

A

Create separate folders for images + multimedia images.
Use appropriate file names for multimedia elements + webpages.
Make home page easily identifiable.

57
Q

In what formats can navigation be provided?

A 
Vertical Navigation (Hyperlinks listed down side of webpage)
Horizontal Navigation (Hyperlinks listed across page)
Ordered Lists (Click on hyperlinks that provide further series of options to choose from)
Tabs (Pages categorised under general headings)
Sitemap (Webpage lists content of website)
Breadcrumb Trail (List of pages visited)
58
Q

How can a website be tested?

A

Hyperlinks checked, load time not too long, check images display + all multimedia checked they play correctly.

59
Q

How might you evaluate a website?

A

Graphics + colour (file format, good quality), download time, hyperlinks work, ease of navigation (layout, return to home page), content (purpose, user requirements)

IT X (13 decks)

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