Unit 3: Bony Thorax Flashcards
3 parts of the bony thorax:
sternum, thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs
list the 3 parts of the sternum:
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
What is the most distal aspect of the sternum?
xiphoid process
What is the name of the palpable junction between the upper and midportion of the sternum?
sternal angle
Which aspect of the sternum possesses the jugular notch?
manubrium
list the rib numbers of the:
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs
true: 1-7
false: 8-12
floating: 11 and 12
What distinguishes a true rib from a false rib?
true ribs attach directly to the sternum with its own costocartilage
What distinguishes a floating rib from a false rib?
floating ribs do not have costocartilage
Which part of the sternum do the second ribs articulate?
sternal angle
What structures is (are) found in the costal groove of each rib?
vein
artery
nerve
what do the false ribs have in common?
costalcartilage joins together at the costocartilage at rib 7
landmarks of bony thorax:
jugular notch: T2-3
sternal angle: T4-5
xiphoid: T9-10
inferior costal margin: L2-3
sternoclavicular, costovertebral, and interchondral joints are all what kind of joint movement?
plane (gliding) and diarthrodial
sternocostal and the costochondral union joints are what kind of joint movement?
synarthrodial - immovable
pathology (fractures) of the sternum is most commonly caused by:
blunt trauma
list three chest pathologic conditions that may result from a rib injury and may require a PA and lat. chest projections to be included:
pneumothorax
hemothorax
pulmonary confusion
Osteolytic metastasis:
destructive lesions with irregular margins
Osteoblastic metastasis:
proliferative bony lesions of increased density
Osteomyelitis:
localized infection of bone and marrow
what is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?
bacterial infection
pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)
protrusion of lower sternum and xiphoid process (big, puffy chest)
pectus excavatum (funnel chest):
a depressed “dug into” chest/sternum
RAO sternum kVp range
70-85
lateral sternum, SC joints, and ribs kVp range
75-85
pt position for sternum:
RAO: erect
lateral: lat. erect or recumbent
pt position for SC joints:
PA: prone
anterior obliques: prone/erect w/ 10-15° rotation
pt position for ribs above and below diaphragm:
AP bilateral: above, erect; below: supine
PA bilateral: above: erect
AP unilateral: above, erect; below, supine
anterior obliques: 45° w/ affected side closest to IR posteriorly, affected side away from IR anteriorly
Which projection uses a 72” SID than the others for bony thorax and why?
lateral sternum; magnification
respiration phase for RAO sternum:
orthostatic breathing
respiration phase for lateral sternum:
suspend respiration on inspiration
respiration phase for both SC joint projections:
suspend on expiration
respiration phase for AP bilateral and unilateral ribs
above diaphragm: suspend on deep inspiration
below diaphragm: full expiration
respiration phase for PA bilateral ribs:
suspend respiration on inspiration
respiration phase for anterior oblique ribs:
above: suspend respiration on inspiration
below: on expiration
