Chpt 11: Skull self test Flashcards
Which of the following bones is not part of the floor of the cranium?
Temporal
Ethmoid
Occipital
Sphenoid
occipital
Which aspect of the frontal bone is thin walled and forms the forehead?
squamous
which four cranial bones articulate with the frontal bone?
right parietal
Left parietal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Which structures are found at the widest aspect of the skull?
parietal tubercles/eminences
What is the name of a prominent landmark (bump) found on the external surface of the occipital bone?
external occipital
List the number of individual bones that articulate with the following cranial bones:
Parietal:
Occipital:
Temporal:
Sphenoid:
Ethmoid:
5
6
3
7
2
What is the thickest and densest structure in the cranium?
petrous portion of temporal bone
the hypnosis cerebri is another term for the pituitary gland.
true
the sphenoid bone articulates with all other cranial bones
true
the shallow depression just posterior to the base of the dorsum sellae and anterior to the foramen magnum is the:
clivus
What is the name of the paired collections of bone found inferior to the cribriform plate that contains numerous air cells and help form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
lateral masses/labrinth
which small section of bone is located superior to the cribriform plate?
crista galli
what is the formal term for the left sphenoid fontanel in the adult?
left pterion
what is the name of the cranial suture formed by the inferior junction of the parietals to the temporal bones?
squamasal suture
What are the two terms for the small irregular bones found in the adult skull sutures?
Sutural/Wormian bones
The following structures relate to what cranial bone:
foramen magnum
lateral condylar portions
inion
occipital
The following structures relate to what cranial bone:
glabella
superciliary arch
frontal
The following structures relate to what cranial bone:
pteroid Hamulus
anterior clinoid processes
foramen ovale
sella turcica
sphenoid
The following structures relate to what cranial bone:
perpendicular plate
superior nasal conchae
cribriform plate
ethmoid
The following structures relate to what cranial bone:
zygomatic process
EAM
petrous ridge
temporal
Which of the following skull classifications applies to a soul with an angle of 54° between the midsagittal plane and the long axis of the pars petrosa?
Mesocephalic
Dolichocephalic
Brachycephalic
Brachycephalic
What is considered an average-shaped skull?
mesocephalic
Which of the following landmarks corresponds to the highest level of petrous ridge?
EAM
TEA
outer canthus
acanthion
TEA
which of the following terms is defined as the large cartilaginous aspect of the external ear?
Pinna
Tragus
Glabella
Acanthion
pinna
Reid base line is an older term for:
IOML
how much difference in degrees is there between the OML and the IOML?
7-8°
*Which of the following positioning errors frequently results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?
Rotation
Incorrect central ray placement
Flexion
Extension
rotation
Bone tumor originating in the bone marrow is called:
multiple myeloma
Fracture evident by sphenoid sinus effusion is called:
basal fracture
condition that begins with bony destruction followed by bony repair is called:
Paget disease
destructive lesion with bony destruction is called:
osteolytic neoplasm
fracture of the skull with jagged or irregular lucent line that lies at an angle to the axis of the bone is called:
Linear fracture
tangential view may help in determining extent or degree of this fracture:
depressed fracture
Which of the following clinical indications may require a decrease in the manual exposure factors?
Pituitary adenoma
Linear skill fracture
Paget disease
Multiple myeloma
multiple myeloma
Which aspect of the temporal bone is considered the thinnest?
squamous portion
which aspect of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and balance?
petrous portion
correct term for the eardrum:
Tympanic membrane
which of the following middle ear structures is considered most lateral?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Oval window
Malleus
The internal ear is divided into the osseous or bony labyrinth and the __________ labyrinth
membranous
List the three divisions of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.
cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals
benign, cystic mass of the middle ear:
cholesteatoma
otosclerosis is a hereditary disease
true
which two projections of the cranium project the dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum?
AP axial (Towne)
PA axial (Haas)
CR angle for AP axial projection (Towne) for skull with the IOML perp. to the IR:
with OML perp. to IR:
37° caudad
30° caudad
CR for lateral cranium:
2 in. superior to EAM
To prevent tilting of the skull for the lateral cranium, the _____ line is perp to IR.
IPL
where should the petrous ridges be located for a well positioned 25° caudad PA axial (Haas) projection?
superior to mastoid processes
CR for SMV projection of skull:
1.5 in. inferior to mandibular symphysis, mid-gonion
*which positioning line is parallel to the IR for the SMV projection of the skull
IOML
A radiograph of an AP axial projection for the cranium shows the dorsum sellae is projected superior to the foramen magnum. What must be modified during the repeat exposure to correct this problem?
increase CR 7° caudad
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium shows the greater wings of the sphenoid are not superimposed. What type of positioning error is present on this radiograph?
rotation
A radiograph of a 15 degree caudad PA axial projection of the cranium shows the petrous ridges are at the level of the supra orbital margin. Without changing the CR angle how must the head position be modified during the repeat exposure to produce a more acceptable image?
Increase extension of skull (head back more)
A patient with a possible basilar skull fracture enters the ER. The physician wants a projection to demonstrate a possible sphenoid sinus effusion. Which projection of the cranium is best for this situation?
horizontal beam lateral skull
The physician wants the projection to demonstrate the frontal bone and to place the petrous ridges in the lower 1/3 of the orbits but it has not been determined whether the patient’s cervical spine has been fractured so the patient cannot be moved from a supine position. what should the technologists do to obtain this image?
angle 15° cephalad to OML
The patient comes to the radiology department for a skull series. Because of the side of the patient’s shoulders he is unable to flex his neck sufficiently to place the OML perp. to the IR for the AP axial projection. His head cannot be raised because of possible cervical trauma. What other options does the tech have to obtain an acceptable AP axial projection?
37° caudad
A radiograph of an AP axial (Towne method) projection for the cranium shows the posterior arch of C1 and the dorsum sellae are superimposed. Both are projected into the foramen magnum. What modification is needed to correct this error that is present on the initial radiograph?
none
A radiograph of a lateral skull demonstrates the orbital plates (roof) of the frontal bone are not superimposed. What is the positioning error present on this radiograph?
tilting of skull
A radiograph of an AP axial (Towne method) for cranium should see left petrous portion of the temporal bone is wider than the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?
rotation to the right
A radiograph of an SMV projection of the cranium demonstrates mandibular condyles are projected into the petrous portion of the temporal bone. How must the position be altered during the repeat exposure to correct this error?
Extend skull further to place IOML parallel to IR
