Unit 3: Biodiversity Overview Flashcards
What are some characteristics of the domain Prokarya?
- Mostly microbial and are all virtually unicellular
- Have a cell membrane and cell wall, but lack true organelles and nucleus
- Smaller than eukaryotes but more abundant
- Some are decomposers
- Bacteria are pathogenic but archaea are not
What are some prokaryotic features?
- Different shapes
- Can only move forward/backward
- Have some specialized membranes
- Have a ring of DNA
Describe prokaryotic reproduction and adaptations.
- Most divide every 1-3 hours
- New generations can be produced in 20 mins
- Some form endospores when exposed to harsh environments
- Can adapt quickly to environment via natural selection
Describe characteristics of protists.
- Unicellular
- Larger than bacteria
- Have organelles
- Most diverse of all eukaryotes
- Can reproduce sexually or asexually
The Theory of Endosymbiosis states that a(n) ____ organism engulfed other cells and these cells became _______.
Unicellular
Organelles
State what the two forms of protist feeding are and what they do.
- Ingestive: eating live or dead organisms or scavenging loose bits of organic debris by sweeping/engulfing
- Absorptive: taking nutrients directly from environment
How do protists move?
- Crawl as amoeboid
- Swim with a flagellum
- Swim with cilia
Which phyla of animals lack tissues?
Porifera
Which phyla of animals are unicellular?
Choanoflagellates
Which phyla of animals have radial symmetry?
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Adult Echinodermata
Which phyla of animals have bilateral symmetry?
Acoelomorpha
Rotifera
Platyheminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Echinodermata (larval)
Chordata
Radial Symmetry
Symmetry around a central axis
Bilateral Symmetry
Symmetry based on two halves (left and right)
Coelom
Main body cavity that surrounds digestive tract and other organs
Which phyla of animals have no coelom?
Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Acoelomorpha
Platyhelminths
Which phyla of animals have a true coelom?
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
Prostomes
Organism where the mouth develops before the anus
Deuterostomes
Organism where the anus develops before the mouth
Which phyla of animals are protostomes?
Acoelomorpha
Rotifera
Platyhelminths
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Which phyla of animals are deuterostomes?
Echinodermata
Chordata
Which phyla of animals have segmentation?
Annelida
Arthropoda
Chordata
Xylem
Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to other part of the plant
Phloem
Vascular tissue that transports sucrose and amino acids between leaves and other parts of plants
Which phyla of plants are nonvascular?
Bryophytes (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses)
Which phyla of plants are seedless and vascular?
Pteridophytes (lycophytes, whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns)
Which phyla of plants have seeds and are vascular?
Gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers)
Which phyla of plants are flowering, have seeds, and are vascular?
Angiosperms
What is a mycelium made up of?
Hyphae
Chitin
Molecule that makes up hyphae cell walls
What is the most primitive ancestor of fungi?
Chytrids
Which phylum of fungi is common in freshwater environments?
Chytridiomycota
Which phylum of fungi live in the guts of herbivores to help them digest food?
Chytrids
Which phylum of fungi are important decomposers of plant tissue due to having enzymes that digest cellulose?
Chytridiomycota
Which phylum of fungi can produce and hold spores in zoospore?
Chytridiomycota
Which phylum of fungi are soil dwellers?
Zygomycota
Which phylum of fungi causes bread mold and fruit to rot?
Zygomycota
Which phylum of fungi form zygospores that are resistant to harsh conditions?
Zygomycota
Which phyla of fungi can form mycorrhizal associations?
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Which phylum of fungi can be decomposers, parasites, and mutualistic?
Zygomycota
Which phylum of fungi form 90% mycorrhizal associations with plants?
Glomeromycota
Which phylum of fungi are sac fungi?
Ascomycota
Which phylum of fungi live in diverse habitats?
Ascomycota
Which phylum of fungi do 70% of all fungi belong to?
Ascomycota
Which phylum of fungi includes yeast, truffles, morels, and Penncillium?
Ascomycota
Which phyla of fungi can form lichens?
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Which phylum of fungi can cause disease?
Ascomycota
Which phylum of fungi includes the typical mushroom?
Basidiomycota
Which phylum of fungi are associated with rust?
Basidiomycota
Which phylum of fungi contain basidia?
Basidiomycota
Which phylum of fungi can form mutualistic relationship between fungi and insects?
Basidiomycota
Haustoria
Projections into cell wall from specialized hyphae
