Unit 1: Process of Science

Question 1

What is the difference between discovery-based science and hypothesis-driven science?

Answer 1

While discovery-based science is primarily used to describe the natural world, hypothesis-driven science uses hypotheses and experiments to explain the natural world.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A proposed explanation for natural observation that is usually tested to see if the observation supports it

Question 3

What are attributes of theories?

Answer 3

Multiple predictions based on the theory, predictions shown to be accurate and consistent with a large amount of known data

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

Idea based on large amounts of data over a long period of time

Question 5

Match the following letter with its correct number

A: Inductive
B: Deductive
1: general items to derive specific terms
2: specific terms to derive general ones

Answer 5

A:2, B:1

Question 6

Which of the following has the correct order of the scientific method?

A: data, observation, hypothesis, review, experimental run
B: observation, hypothesis, experimental run, data, hypothesis review
C: hypothesis review, hypothesis, observation, data, experimental run
D: hypothesis, hypothesis review observation, experimental run, data

Answer 6

B

Question 7

What is qualitative data? What is quantitative data?

Answer 7

Qualitative Data: unordered; one category is not greater than the next
Quantitative Data: continuous data

Question 8

What is ordinal and interval data? Are these classes of qualitative or quantitative data?

Answer 8

Ordinal Data: data that has order but distance between values does not have a specific meaning
Interval data: has order and specific numeric distance between variables

Both classes of quantitative data

Question 9

What is the advised way to write a scientific publication? (hint: “inside-out” method)

Answer 9

Methods/Materials
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Introduction
Abstract
Title