Animal Transport (Cardiovascular)

Question 1

What are some roles of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

1. Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Distribute nutrients to all cells
3. Waste transport to liver and kidneys
4. Distribute hormones
5. Body temperature regulation
6. Clot blood to prevent blood loss
7. Circle antibodies and white blood cells to fight off pathogens

Question 2

What are characteristics of arteries?

Answer 2

1. high pressure
2. small lumen
3. many muscle layers
4. blood away from heart
5. oxygen-rich
6. usually red in diagram

Question 3

What are characteristics of veins?

Answer 3

1. high volume
2. large lumen
3. few muscle layers
4. blood toward heart
5. oxygen-poor
6. usually blue in diagram

Question 4

The arteriole system is oxygen-rich, has small lumen, and has many muscular and elastic layers. Why does the venous system not have many layers and a small lumen?

Answer 4

Veins don’t deal with as much pressure exerted by heart, so veins can sacrifice muscle and elastic layers for larger lumen.

Question 5

Venous System

Answer 5

• Veins carry blood toward the heart
• Contains valves that prevent backflow
• Valves work skeletal muscle by contraction

Question 6

What are the two types of circulatory systems?

Answer 6

Pulmonary and Systemic

Question 7

Pulmonary System

Answer 7

Blood circulation from heart to lungs and back

Question 8

Systemic System

Answer 8

Blood circulation from heart to body and back

Question 9

Suppose a patient has a condition where the left ventricle has experienced a lack of blood flow to the muscles, and the area exhibits some weakness. Where is the blood improperly pumped?

A. Aortic semilunar valve
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Pulmonary semilunar valve
D. Aorta
E. A and D
F. B and C
G. all of the above
H. none of the above

Answer 9

E

Question 10

Place the following in order that blood would flow through. Start with the right atrioventricular valve.

1. Systemic Veins
2. Pulmonary Capillaries
3. Right Ventricle
4. Pulmonary Arteries
5. Left Atrium
6. Pulmonary Veins
7. Systemic Capillaries

Answer 10

3 –> 4 –> 2 –> 6 –> 5 –> 7 –> 1

Question 11

Systole refers to (contraction/relaxation) while diastole refers to (contraction/relaxation).

Answer 11

Contraction
Relaxation

Question 12

If systolic pressure is 130 and diastolic pressure is 78, what is the blood pressure?

Answer 12

130/78

Question 13

Suppose the Cardiac Output is 5 L/min and the heart rate is 55 BPM. What is the stroke volume in mL?

Answer 13

-90.9 mL

Question 14

Which of the following are specific heart structures that allow the action potential to travel from one cardiac cell to the next?

A. Gap junctions
B. Intercalated disks
C. Nuclei
D. Cell Membranes

Answer 14

A.

Question 15

True or False: the cardiac muscle is involuntary and myogenic.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False: waves of motion allow cardiac contraction to be sustained longer than skeletal mucsle

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Tachycardia

Answer 17

Fast heart rate

Question 18

Bradycardia

Answer 18

Slow heart rate

Question 19

What is the “pacemaker” of the heart?

Answer 19

SA Node

Question 20

Place the following in order of the action potential propagation through the cardiac muscle.

1. AV Node
2. Bundle Branches
3. Purkinje Fibers
4. Bundle of His
5. SA Node

Answer 20

5 –> 1 –> 4 –> 2 –> 3

Question 21

As the action potential continues down, it pauses at the ___ ______.

Answer 21

AV Node

Question 22

Cellularly, depolarization refers to ________, and physiologically it refers to ________.

Answer 22

A cell becoming more positively charged

Contraction

Question 23

Cellularly, depolarization refers to ____ and physiologically it refers to __________.

Answer 23

A cell becoming more negatively charged

Relaxation