Animal Transport (Digestive System) Flashcards
What are the three types of stomach muscles used in churning?
Longitudinal
Transverse
Circular
The main digestive part of the small intestine is the _______, while the jejunum and ileum are the main ______ part.
Duodenum
Absorptive
Which part of the digestive system houses lots of bacteria?
Cecum
Ileocecal Valve
Valve that regulates passage of undigested material to colon
What do bacteria help with in the digestive system?
Give useful products such as Vitamin K and biotin
What is fecal matter made up of?
Undigested content, cellulose, bacteria
If the colon does not absorb as efficiently, what is the clinical result of this?
Diarrhea
If the colon absorbs too much, what is the clinical result of this?
Constipation
How many sphincters does the rectum have?
2
Which of the rectum’s sphincters are involuntary and voluntary?
The internal is involuntary, and the external is voluntary
What structure in the throat moves up during swallowing?
Larynx
Epiglottis
Structure covering trachea and preventing food and water from going down
True or False: chemical action occurs within the esophagus
False
Peristalsis
Action that moves food down esophagus
Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin by what?
HCl
Acid Chyme
Predigested content of stomach and gastric juices
Rugae
folds of epithelial cells
The bacterium ______ _______ eats away at the mucous coating of the stomach and results in _______.
Helicobacter pylori
Ulcers`
Where does intestinal digestion occur?
Duodenum, with help of accessory organs
Liver
Produces bile
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Sphincter
Regulates bile entry
Small Intestine
digest most food and absorbs most food and water
Pancreatic Duct
Carries enzymes and HCO3-
Pancreas
Secretes enzymes and HCO3-
The common hepatic duct carries bile to the _______; while bile is carried to the small intestine by the _____ ______ _____.
Gallbladder
Common bile duct
______ and _______ participate in sugar regulation
Glucagon, insulin
In the small intestine, the villi help to increase ______ _______ while also absorbing simple ____ and amino acids
Surface Area
Sugars
Which part of the small intestine has “fingerlike” projections?
Jejunum and ileum
How is fat digested?
- Fat globule is surrounded by bile salts.
- Bile allows fat globules to be broken down by lipases and results in glycerol and fatty acids
- Crosses epithelial layer and is absorbed
Sublingual Gland
Salivary gland that secretes mucin
Submandibular Gland
Salivary gland that secretes mucin and salivary amylase
Parotid Gland
Salivary gland that secretes salivary amylase
Mucin
Salivary product used for lubrication
Amylase
Salivary product used for carb digestion
Mucous Cells
Cells in stomach that secrete mucous
Chief Cells
Cells in stomach that secrete pepsinogen
