Unit 3 AOS 1 Flashcards
Health and Wellbeing
Is the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, capable and engaged.
Why is health and wellbeing ‘dynamic’?
Because it is constantly changing
Why is Health and Wellbeing ‘subjective’?
Because it is influence by or based on personal beliefs, feelings or opinions and is different to everyone
Difference between illness and disease
Illness is a subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease or injury, whereas disease refers to physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage.
Two Characteristics of Physical Health and Wellbeing
- Ability to complete physical tasks adequately
- Appropriate levels of fitness
Two characteristics of Social Health and Wellbeing
- Effective communication with others
- Productive relationships with other people
Two characteristics of Emotional Health and Wellbeing
- Recognise and understand the range of emotions
- Have a high resilience
Two characteristics of Mental Health and Wellbeing
- Low levels of stress and anxiety
- Positive self-esteem
Two characteristics of Spiritual Health and Wellbeing
- Positive meaning and purpose in life
- Peace and Harmony
Health as a Resource - Individual
- Gaining Education/Income
- Live longer, healthier life
Health as a Resource - Nationally
- Health System Savings
- Higher Average Incomes
Health as a Resource - Globally
- Promotes economic development
- Less disease transmission between countries
Incidence
Refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Morbidity
Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
Years of Life Lost (YLL)
A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
Years Lost due to Disability (YLD)
A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability
Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death
Life Expectancy
The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
The average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health
Mortality
Refers to deaths, particularly at a group or population level
Maternal Mortality
Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery
Infant Mortality
The death of a child between birth and the first birthday
Under 5 Mortality
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
Self Assessed Health status
A measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing and life in general.
Prerequisites for health determined by the WHO
Peace, Shelter, Education, Food, Income, Stable Ecosystem, Sustainable Resources, Social justice, Equity
Sentence to remember WHO Prerequisites
People Should Eat Food Including Some Sustainable Salad Everyday
Peace
An absence of conflict
Shelter
A structure that provides protection from the outside environment
Education
Ensuring all children can complete a level of schooling and that everyone can develop the skills to gain employment
Food
Being able to consume the appropriate nutrients to lead a full life
Income
Being able to access financial resources to have a decent standard of living
Stable Ecosystem
A community that consists of all living and non-living things of a particular
Sustainable Resources
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Social Justice and Equity
Refers to the equal distribution of resources and opportunities regardless of individual characteristics
Biological Factors
Relates to the structure of the cells, tissues and systems of the body and how adequately they function
Sociocultural Factors
Relates to the social and cultural conditions someone lives in
Environmental Factors
Relate to the physical features that surround us
Two Biological Factors that differ Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Populations
- Hypertension (Indigenous)
- Impaired Glucose Regulation (Indigenous)
Two Sociocultural factors that differ Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Populations
- Higher rates of Unemployment
- Food Insecurity
Two Environmental factors that differ Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Populations
- Water and Sanitisation
- Access to Healthcare Services
Two Biological factors that differ Male and Female Populations
- Impaired Glucose Regulation (Males)
- High rates of Hypertension (Males)
Two Sociocultural factors that differ Male and Female Populations
- Unemployment (Higher for Males)
- Socioeconomic Status (Higher for Males)
Environmental factors that differ Male and Female Populations
Males are more likely to work in a dangerous workplace
Two Biological Factors that differ Low and High SES groups
- Impaired Glucose Regulation (Low SES)
- Higher rates of Hypertension (Low SES)
Two Sociocultural Factors that differ Low and High SES groups
- Higher rates of unemployment
- Food insecurity
Two Environmental Factors that differ Low and High SES groups
- Greater Proximity to fast-food outlets
- More dangerous work environments
Two Biological Factors that differ between those living in and out of major cities
- Higher rates of hypertension (Out)
- Impaired Glucose Regulation (Out)
Two Sociocultural Factors that differ between those living in and out major cities
- Unemployment (Out)
- Food Insecurity (Out)
Two Environmental Factors that differ between those living and out major cities
- Dangerous work environments
- Reduced access to healthcare facilities
Two variations in health status between Males and Females
- Life Expectancy
- Higher Rates of CVD
Two variations in health status between Indigenous and Non-indigenous people
- Life Expectancy
- CVD
Two variations in Health Status between SES groups
- Life Expectancy (Low)
- CVD (Low)
Two variations in Health Status between those living in and outside of Australia’s major cities
- Life Expectancy
- CVD
What does smoking cause?
Lung Cancer
What does alcohol consumption cause?
Liver disease
What does High BMI cause?
Cardiovascular Disease
What does the underconsumption of fruit and vegetables cause?
Cancer
What does underconsumption of dairy cause?
Osteoporosis
What does a high intake of fat cause?
Cardiovascular Disease
What does a high intake of salt cause?
Cardiovascular Disease
What does a high intake of sugar cause?
Dental Disease (periodontitis)
What does the underconsumption of fibre cause?
Colorectal cancer
What does the underconsumption of iron cause?
Anaemia