Unit 3 - Anatomy - Nervous System

Question 1

How many signals can a neuron send at one time? What does this mean?

Answer 1

One
If two points touch the same neuron, it will send one signal, so if two points are close together, it will feel like one point

Question 2

Define action potential

Answer 2

A small electrical event, how information is passed between neurons

Question 3

What are the three main parts of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
(all are made of neurons / brain cells)

Question 4

What is the difference between sensory and motor signals?

Answer 4

Sensory signals - use the five senses to relay information to the brain (BODY TO BRAIN)
Motor signals - send impulses to muscles to allow for movement (BRAIN TO BODY)

Question 5

Define neuron and nerve

Answer 5

Neuron - a cell (part of the nervous system) that passes chemical and electrical signals through the body
Nerve - many neurons bundled together

Question 6

How does information pass through a neuron?

Answer 6

Dendrites receive messages
It passes through the soma
It passes through the axon
It passes into the synapses
It moves into the next neuron

Question 7

What are the parts of the neuron? What do they do?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal#/media/File:Neuron_Hand-tuned.svg

Answer 7

(Right to left)
Synapse - A gap between two cells that allows signals to be passed between cells
Myelin sheaths - Cover the axon, insulates it to keep signals inside the cell, so the signal moves faster
Axon - a long, thick part of the cell that sends electrical signals away from the cell body
Soma - The main cell body
Nucleus - Where DNA stays
Dendrites - A long, thin part of the cell that receives electrical signals

Question 8

What are the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 8

CNS - made of the brain and spinal cord, interprets info

PNS - made of nerves outside the brain, gathers and transmits info

Question 9

What are all the parts of the nervous system (ie. CNS, etc.)

Answer 9

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiz8eXG5__XAhWN3oMKHajXBIoQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fschoolbag.info%2Fbiology%2Fap_biology%2F75.html&psig=AOvVaw2pe7GbqGfBMC32HqHPsnZe&ust=1513007803638447

Question 10

What are the differences between the parasympathetic  and sympathetic reactions of the:
eyes
heart
lungs
digestion
muscles

Answer 10

https://askabiologist.asu.edu/sites/default/files/resources/articles/nervous_journey/reaction_chart_v2.gif

Question 11

Define differentiation, regeneration, and stem cell

Answer 11

Differentiation - when a cell chooses a particular genetically determined path that causes it to perform only a few specialized tasks
Regeneration - to make something new that was old, damaged, or used
Stem cell - cells that don’t have a specific function yet and can become any cell type

Question 12

Why are stem cells important?

Answer 12

They can differentiate, so new neurons can be made to help with paralysis, can also possibly make new organs

Question 13

Define blood-brain barrier, confocal laser scanning microscope, circadian rhythm, and metabolism

Answer 13

Blood-brain barrier: a protective layer that surrounds the brain and controls what things can move into the area around the brain.

Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM): makes high quality images of microscopic objects with extreme detail

Circadian rhythm: the body’s natural clock that runs on roughly a 24 hour cycle. Many animals have a 24 hour cycle that includes sleeping, eating and doing work

Metabolism: what living things do to stay alive. This includes eating, drinking, breathing, and getting rid of wastes

Question 14

Name the different parts of the brain:
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiN15_Y6f_XAhUK4IMKHV3YBj0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Faskabiologist.asu.edu%2Fcoloring%2Fbrain-parts&psig=AOvVaw0BETbs_oyzs9-MqoI3wJu1&ust=1513008405279662

Answer 14

https://askabiologist.asu.edu/sites/default/files/resources/articles/nervous_journey/brain-anatomy.gif

Question 15

What does the cerebral cortex do?

Answer 15

senses

perception

Question 16

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 16

sensory / motor skill integration

Question 17

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 17

body temp.
emotions
hunger / thirst
circadian rhythms
stress

Question 18

What does the hippocampus do?

Answer 18

memory

stress

Question 19

What does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 19

hormones

Question 20

What does the brainstem do?

Answer 20

breathing
heart rate
blood pressure

Question 21

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 21

movement

Question 22

Define disorder and electroencephalogram

Answer 22

Disorder: something that is not in order. Not arranged correctly. In medicine a disorder is when something in the body is not working correctly.
Electroencephalogram: visual recording showing the electrical activity of the brain (EEG)

Question 23

Name the different lobes of the brain, and what they do:
https://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianhomeschoolhub.com%2Fgfile%2F75r4!-!GLGMML!-!zrzor45!-!LNDSSQEG-SIJG-HDOO-OSHS-MFQEEMOFNHFF!-!72y1nq%2Fzx__337_c.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fchristianhomeschoolhub.com%2Fwiki.htm%3Fact%3Dview%26id%3DCAFB7DF7-322C-48B8-8216-876BE4A3CA8F&docid=nA05WsB1fuEawM&tbnid=1MW3cKsD8ME5dM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwik6ZWc6__XAhUr74MKHcMKCSwQMwg_KAAwAA..i&w=440&h=565&safe=active&bih=660&biw=643&q=what%27s%20your%20brain%20doing%20worksheet&ved=0ahUKEwik6ZWc6__XAhUr74MKHcMKCSwQMwg_KAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8

Answer 23

https://askabiologist.asu.edu/sites/default/files/resources/articles/nervous_journey/brain-regions-areas.gif

Question 24

What two regions of the brain control stress?

Answer 24

Hypothalamus and hippocampus

Question 25

What is neurogenesis?

Answer 25

The birth of new neurons