Unit 3 - Anatomy - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What are the parts of the spinal cord?
Cervical spine (C1-C7) Thoracic Spine (T1-T12) Lumbar Spine (L1-L5) Sacrum Coccyx
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletal bones?
The axial skeleton is the 27 skull bones, 33 spinal bones, and 12 pairs of ribs (and sternum)
The appendicular skeleton is made of the bones of the arms and legs
How many bones are in the spine?
33
Why is there cartilage between bones?
To allow for cushioning and smooth movements (ie. rib expansion to breathe)
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What are fibrous joints?
Immovable (ie. teeth, skull - sutures)
What are cartilaginous joints?
semi-mobile (ie. spinal column)
What are synovial joints?
mobile - cushioned with cartilage, connected with ligaments (ie. hips)
What is the function of bones?
support, movement, protection, red blood cell production
What is the covering of bones called? What does it do?
Periosteum
What are the main parts of bone?
Periosteum, spongy bone, red marrow, yelow marrow, compact bone
What does red marrow do?
Make red blood cells - part of circulatory system
What is yellow marrow mostly? What can it do?
Fat,
Can become red marrow
How many bones do babies have?
270+
When are bones strongest?
18-30
What are the different types of synovial joints? (5-6 kinds)
Ball-and-socket
Gliding (foot)
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
{Ellipsoid - wrist}What is the difference between dislocations, separations, and rotator cuff tears?
Dislocations - bone displaced from joint
Separation - ligaments disrupted / torn
Rotator cuff tear - muscle / tendon disrupted / torn
What are four kinds of bone injuries / disease?
Fractures
Stress fractures
Shin splints
Osteoporosis
What are the five types of fractures?
Simple Compound Comminuted Greenstick Impacted
How many muscles are there in the body
About 650
What do muscles do?
Moves joints, moves blood / food / fluids, control body temperature
What are the agonistic and antagonistic muscles?
Agonist - primary mover, contracts
Antagonist - counteracts agonist by lengthening
What are the two ends of a muscle called?
Origin (medial side)
Insertion (lateral side)
hat are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
What are skeletal muscles?
Connected to bone by tendons Mostly voluntary (except around spine - postural)
What is the difference between fast twitch and slow twitch fibres?
Slow twitch (type I) - use aerobic metabolism to make ATP, continuous muscle contractions (ie. running marathons)
Fast twitch (type II) - use anaerobic metabolism to make ATP, short bursts of strength or speed (ie. sprinting)
What is smooth muscle?
Lines organs Involuntary contractions (digestion, urination, width of blood vessels)
What is cardiac muscle?
Found in the heart
Pumps blood - involuntary contractions
Has more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells
