Unit 3 - Anatomy - Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the parts of the spinal cord?

Answer 1

Cervical spine (C1-C7)
Thoracic Spine (T1-T12)
Lumbar Spine (L1-L5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 2

What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletal bones?

Answer 2

The axial skeleton is the 27 skull bones, 33 spinal bones, and 12 pairs of ribs (and sternum)

The appendicular skeleton is made of the bones of the arms and legs

Question 3

How many bones are in the spine?

Answer 3

33

Question 4

Why is there cartilage between bones?

Answer 4

To allow for cushioning and smooth movements (ie. rib expansion to breathe)

Question 5

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 5

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 6

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 6

Immovable (ie. teeth, skull - sutures)

Question 7

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 7

semi-mobile (ie. spinal column)

Question 8

What are synovial joints?

Answer 8

mobile - cushioned with cartilage, connected with ligaments (ie. hips)

Question 9

What is the function of bones?

Answer 9

support, movement, protection, red blood cell production

Question 10

What is the covering of bones called? What does it do?

Answer 10

Periosteum

Question 11

What are the main parts of bone?

Answer 11

Periosteum, spongy bone, red marrow, yelow marrow, compact bone

Question 12

What does red marrow do?

Answer 12

Make red blood cells - part of circulatory system

Question 13

What is yellow marrow mostly? What can it do?

Answer 13

Fat,

Can become red marrow

Question 14

How many bones do babies have?

Answer 14

270+

Question 15

When are bones strongest?

Answer 15

18-30

Question 16

What are the different types of synovial joints? (5-6 kinds)

Answer 16

Ball-and-socket
Gliding (foot)
Hinge 
Pivot
Saddle
{Ellipsoid - wrist}

Question 17

What is the difference between dislocations, separations, and rotator cuff tears?

Answer 17

Dislocations - bone displaced from joint
Separation - ligaments disrupted / torn
Rotator cuff tear - muscle / tendon disrupted / torn

Question 18

What are four kinds of bone injuries / disease?

Answer 18

Fractures
Stress fractures
Shin splints
Osteoporosis

Question 19

What are the five types of fractures?

Answer 19

Simple
Compound
Comminuted
Greenstick
Impacted

Question 20

How many muscles are there in the body

Answer 20

About 650

Question 21

What do muscles do?

Answer 21

Moves joints, moves blood / food / fluids, control body temperature

Question 22

What are the agonistic and antagonistic muscles?

Answer 22

Agonist - primary mover, contracts

Antagonist - counteracts agonist by lengthening

Question 23

What are the two ends of a muscle called?

Answer 23

Origin (medial side)

Insertion (lateral side)

Question 24

hat are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 24

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 25

What are skeletal muscles?

Answer 25

Connected to bone by tendons
Mostly voluntary (except around spine - postural)

Question 26

What is the difference between fast twitch and slow twitch fibres?

Answer 26

Slow twitch (type I) - use aerobic metabolism to make ATP, continuous muscle contractions (ie. running marathons)

Fast twitch (type II) - use anaerobic metabolism to make ATP, short bursts of strength or speed (ie. sprinting)

Question 27

What is smooth muscle?

Answer 27

Lines organs
Involuntary contractions (digestion, urination, width of blood vessels)

Question 28

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 28

Found in the heart
Pumps blood - involuntary contractions
Has more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells