Unit 3 Flashcards
Give the definition of a biome
Region of the planet with characteristic climate, fauna and flora
Give three examples of global biomes
Tropical rainforest, dry grassland, tundra shallow seas
Give two factors that affect the global distribution of biomes
Temperature, rainfall
State what is meant by the following terms. Ecosystem, biodiversity
Ecosystem, habitat with its community and nonliving components. Biodiversity, variety and number of species
Give two examples of abiotic factors in an ecosystem
PH, temperature
Give two examples of biotic factors in an ecosystem
Grazing, predation
State what is meant by an organisms niche
The role organism plays within its community
Give one example of human influences that might affect biodiversity and ecosystem and describe its affect
SO2, pollution from burning fossil fuels, which damages plants; overgrazing, which damages plant communities and causes erosion of soil
Describe what is meant by the following terms: competition, predation.
Competition, struggle between or within species for resources that are in short supply. Preparation, animals hunting and feeding on the flesh of other animals
Explain how each of the following factors can affect organisms in an ecosystem in. Light, temperature, nutrient availability
Light affects the growth of green plants, temperature affects enzymes systems, nutrient availability affects plant growth
Give an account of the factors that define and organisms niche
What it feeds on, what feet on it, what other resources it uses, what organisms it interact with, what it adds to the environment
What does the food chain diagram look like for grass plants that are grazed by rabbits which are prayed upon by foxes
Grass forward arrow rabbit forward arrow fox
From the following food chain diagram name the producer, the primary consumer, the carnival. Oakleaf forward arrow caterpillar forward arrow blue tit forward arrow sparrowhawk
Producer, Oakleaf. Primary consumer, caterpillar. Carnivore, blue tit or sparrowhawk
Account for the loss of energy at each level in a food chain
Energy can be lost by movement and is heat
State why nitrates are needed by living organisms
They are needed to make proteins and nucleic acid’s
Give the difference between interspecific and intra specific competition
Interspecific is competition between members of different species, intraspecific is between members of the same species
Give the meanings of the following terms: habitat, population, community, ecosystem.
Habitat, place in which an organism lives. Population, number of given species within the habitat. Community, all of the living organisms in a habitat. Ecosystem, habitat its community and nonliving components
Explain why decomposition can account for some of the losses that occur to energy transfer in a food chain
Dead organisms from the chain entering the decomposition cycle; rather than being consumed by the next level of the food chain they enter the decompose of the chain
Pyramid diagrams are used to represent food chains, explain what is represented by the following pyramids; numbers, biomass, energy
Populations of each organism at each level of the food chain.
State the meaning of the following processes of the nitrogen cycle: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, dentrification, decomposition
Turning atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate by bacteria.
loss of nitrogen by conversation of nitrates into nitrogen gas.
production of nitrates from other compounds by soil bacteria.
breakdown of bodies of organisms following death.
Give an account of the roles of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.
Bacteria released nitrates from organic material in soil; convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate; convert soil nitrate to nitrogen gas; fix nitrogen directly inside certain plants.
Give an example of two abiotic factors.
Temperature, rainfall….
Describe the following biotic factors predation and competition
Predation is a relationship in which one animal hurts and it’s another.
Competition occurs when organisms struggle against others for similar resources.
State what is meant by a sample.
Is small, representative portion of a larger quantity.
Name the techniques that could be used to sample the following organisms: Dandelion roots in a field of ryegrass.
Beatles the move around the soil surface at night In grassy areas.
Quadrat, pitfall trap
Give two sources of error that can affect sampling using quadrat.
Failure to use enough quadrat; using an appropriate size quadrat; failure to randomise the quadrat
Give two sources of error that can be affected sampling using pitfall traps.
Failure to use enough traps; an appropriately sized trap; failure to randomise distribution and trap; tell you to check traps regularly.
Give the term for a group of species.
A group of organisms interbreeding to produce fertile young.
State what is meant by genetic mutation
Random change in genetic material
Name two factors that can increase the rate of mutation
Radiation, chemicals
State what is meant by neutral mutation
Confers new advantage of disadvantage to the organism
State what is meant by the term natural selection
Survival of the fittest
Give the meaning of the term adaptation
Special feature of an Organism that gives it the ability to survive
Give an example of an adaptation in a named animal
Camouflage and fish; she lesion in Wales; length of giraffe; called colour and polar bears…
State how each of the following improves crop yield in intensive farming methods: fertilisers, pesticides
Enhance cropland growth, kills species that damage crop growth
Give one benefit Of intensive farming
Increases yield of crops
State what is meant by the term algal bloom.
Abnormally high growth of algae
Give the meaning of the term indicator species
Species whose presence, absence or abundance suggesting information about the state of the environment
Give one example of an indicator species
Mayfly, Lichen…
Name the gas the decreases in the water when a Rubik bacteria decompose dead algae
Oxygen
